if ($operation -in @('head', 'tail')) {
  $linesWanted = 10; $paths = [Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
  for ($i = 0; $i -lt $toolArgs.Count; $i++) {
    $arg = $toolArgs[$i]
    if ($arg -in @('-n', '--lines')) { $i += 1; if ($i -ge $toolArgs.Count) { Fail ($arg + ' requires a value') 2 }; $linesWanted = Parse-NonNegativeInt $arg $toolArgs[$i] 10000; continue }
    if ($arg.StartsWith('-n') -and $arg.Length -gt 2) { $linesWanted = Parse-NonNegativeInt '-n' $arg.Substring(2) 10000; continue }
    if ($arg.StartsWith('--lines=')) { $linesWanted = Parse-NonNegativeInt '--lines' $arg.Substring(8) 10000; continue }
    if ($arg -match '^-(\d+)$') { $linesWanted = Parse-NonNegativeInt ('-' + $Matches[1]) $Matches[1] 10000; continue }
    if ($arg.StartsWith('-') -and $arg -ne '-') { Fail ('unsupported ' + $operation + ' option on Windows route: ' + $arg) 2 }
    $paths.Add($arg)
  }
  if ($paths.Count -ne 1) { Fail ($operation + ' requires exactly one file path on Windows routes') 2 }
  $resolved = Resolve-UnideskPath $paths[0]
  Need-File $resolved
  $selected = [Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
  $reader = [IO.StreamReader]::new($resolved, [Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($false, $true), $true)
  try {
    if ($operation -eq 'head') {
      while ($selected.Count -lt $linesWanted -and -not $reader.EndOfStream) { $selected.Add($reader.ReadLine()) }
    } else {
      $queue = [Collections.Generic.Queue[string]]::new()
      while (-not $reader.EndOfStream) {
        $queue.Enqueue($reader.ReadLine())
        if ($queue.Count -gt $linesWanted) { [void]$queue.Dequeue() }
      }
      foreach ($line in $queue) { $selected.Add($line) }
    }
  } catch {
    Fail ('file is not valid UTF-8: ' + $resolved + ': ' + $_.Exception.Message) 25
  } finally {
    $reader.Dispose()
  }
  Print-Lines ([string[]]$selected)
  exit 0
}