diff --git a/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/SKILL.md b/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/SKILL.md
index 7d0374d4..a0bdb5ae 100644
--- a/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/SKILL.md
+++ b/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/SKILL.md
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ bun scripts/cli.ts hwlab nodes web-probe observe analyze webobs-xxxx
 - `web-probe observe start` 默认是被动观测：记录 DOM 摘要、自然页面 request/response/requestfailed、截图和 performance 样本，不主动 fetch Workbench API、不 reload、不切换 session、不拦截路由、不调用 repair helper。任何 `newSession`、`selectProvider`、`sendPrompt`、`goto`、`screenshot`、`mark`、`stop` 都必须通过 `observe command` 显式下发，并进入 `control.jsonl`。
 - `web-probe observe` 的 issue evidence 优先记录 observer id、stateDir、report JSON/Markdown SHA、samples/control/network/artifact 计数、routeSessionId、activeSessionId、prompt hash/textBytes、traceId、AgentRun runId/commandId、最终 status 和必要摘要；不要把 prompt 原文、assistant 大段正文、完整 stdout/stderr 或 provider payload 粘贴到 issue。
 - 多轮 Workbench 采样必须证明同一个 `sessionId` 连续承载所有轮次；每轮至少记录 prompt hash、traceId、终态、最终回答摘要和性能/产物表。若 Web UI 投影卡住但 Code Agent/AgentRun result 已 terminal，应同时登记“执行终态”和“Workbench 投影未收敛”，不得用 `goto`、reload、切 session 或 result polling 把 UI 失败伪装成通过。
-- `observe analyze` 是离线分析，只读取 artifact JSONL 并写 `analysis/report.md` 与 `analysis/report.json`，不访问 Workbench API、不驱动浏览器。报告必须输出采样点 vs 每个 turn 的总耗时/最近更新时间表、DOM diagnostic/HTTP/console/requestfailed/runtime execution error 分组、page asset provenance segment、同源 API Resource Timing 分位表和超过 5s 的慢路径 finding；页面/API 加载超过 5s 视为不可用级性能红线，必须登记到上游问题，不能靠下游 retry/reload/fallback 掩盖。报告里的 `final-response-flicker`、`uncommanded-visible-state-change`、session changed、network 503 等 finding 是排障线索；用于 closeout 时必须结合原始 session/trace/DOM 证据解释，避免把采样噪声直接当作业务结论。
+- `observe analyze` 是离线分析，只读取 artifact JSONL 并写 `analysis/report.md` 与 `analysis/report.json`，不访问 Workbench API、不驱动浏览器。报告必须输出采样点 vs 每个 turn 的总耗时/最近更新时间表、可见“加载中”的数量/归属/并发 owner/连续出现区间、DOM diagnostic/HTTP/console/requestfailed/runtime execution error 分组、page asset provenance segment、同源 API Resource Timing 分位表和超过 5s 的慢路径 finding；页面/API 加载超过 5s 视为不可用级性能红线，可见“加载中”持续超过 5s 也必须作为真实慢加载证据登记到上游问题。修复必须降低真实请求、投影、渲染或后端路径耗时，禁止为了减少“加载中”出现时间而提前展示未加载完的内容，也不能靠下游 retry/reload/fallback 掩盖。报告里的 `final-response-flicker`、`uncommanded-visible-state-change`、session changed、network 503 等 finding 是排障线索；用于 closeout 时必须结合原始 session/trace/DOM 证据解释，避免把采样噪声直接当作业务结论。
 - 自定义 `web-probe script` 仍运行在 UniDesk `trans` 60s 最外层短连接约束内；能在一轮内完成的 P4 验收优先把 `--command-timeout-seconds` 控制在 55 秒以内，并减少无界 selector/network 等待。确需等待更久时，改用 `web-probe run` 的异步 job/status 语义，或把动作拆成“提交/采样/截图/状态读取”多次短 probe。若输出出现 `UNIDESK_SSH_RUNTIME_TIMEOUT` 但同时恢复了 `reportPath`、`reportSha256`、screenshots 或 DOM steps，先按远端报告判断脚本/页面实际状态；最终关闭证据仍优先用一次未触发短连接超时的 bounded rerun。
 - issue closeout 优先引用 `web-probe script` 输出的顶层 `issueEvidence` 或 `summary.issueEvidence`；只有需要展开调查时才粘贴 `probe.script.result`、`probe.steps` 或完整 `reportPath`，避免 stdout、summary 和 report 多层重复同一证据。
 - stdin heredoc 与 `--script-file` 都按 ES module 加载，脚本必须导出 `export default async ({ page, gotoStable, recordStep, ... }) => { ... }`；不要在模块顶层直接写 `return`。失败为 `Illegal return statement`、`does not provide an export named default` 或 finalUrl 仍是 `about:blank` 且 stepCount=0 时，先按 probe 脚本入口误用处理，不要归因成 Cloud Web 行为失败。
diff --git a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-help.ts b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-help.ts
index 5196bf12..d2564fd0 100644
--- a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-help.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-help.ts
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ export function hwlabNodeWebProbeHelp(): Record<string, unknown> {
       "observe command actions are explicit user/control actions and are appended to control.jsonl; use --type newSession/selectProvider/sendPrompt/goto/screenshot/mark/stop and keep prompt text out of issue comments by citing textHash/textBytes.",
       "observe analyze is offline-only: it reads artifact JSONL and writes analysis/report.md plus analysis/report.json without accessing Workbench APIs or driving the browser.",
       "observe analyze scans every sampled DOM point, extracts Workbench timing text such as 总耗时/total and 最近 N 秒/分前, and writes a sample point vs turn timing report: each Markdown table row starts with the timestamp, followed by each turn's 总耗时(s) and 最近更新(s). Timing series are reported for post-processing/manual analysis instead of auto-judged from status tail output.",
+      "observe analyze also reports visible “加载中” count, owner attribution, concurrent loading owners, and continuous visible segments; fixes must reduce real loading latency, not reveal incomplete content early to make this metric disappear.",
       "Use recordStep(name, data) or fetchApiMatrix(paths) to keep structured partial evidence when a later step fails.",
       "Use reloadStable(), gotoCurrentStable(), or safeReload() for bounded retries around page reload/current-URL navigation jitter such as ERR_NETWORK_CHANGED.",
       "Playwright page.evaluate accepts one serializable argument; use page.evaluate(({ a, b }) => ..., { a, b }) or safeEvaluate(fn, { a, b }).",
diff --git a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-impl.ts b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-impl.ts
index ed3e10bb..f8594bec 100644
--- a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-impl.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-impl.ts
@@ -7816,6 +7816,10 @@ function renderWebObserveAnalyzeTable(value: Record<string, unknown>): string {
   const runtimeAlerts = record(analysis?.runtimeAlerts);
   const pagePerformance = record(analysis?.pagePerformance);
   const promptNetwork = record(analysis?.promptNetwork);
+  const loading = record(sampleMetrics?.loading);
+  const loadingSummary = record(loading?.summary);
+  const loadingSegments = Array.isArray(loading?.longestSegments) ? loading.longestSegments.map(record).filter((item): item is Record<string, unknown> => item !== null).slice(0, 8) : [];
+  const loadingOwners = Array.isArray(loading?.owners) ? loading.owners.map(record).filter((item): item is Record<string, unknown> => item !== null).slice(0, 8) : [];
   const rounds = webObserveArray(sampleMetrics?.roundItems ?? sampleMetrics?.rounds).map(record).filter((item): item is Record<string, unknown> => item !== null).slice(-8);
   const turnColumns = webObserveArray(sampleMetrics?.turnColumns).map(record).filter((item): item is Record<string, unknown> => item !== null).slice(-12);
   const roundCount = Array.isArray(sampleMetrics?.rounds) ? sampleMetrics.rounds.length : sampleMetrics?.rounds;
@@ -7995,15 +7999,49 @@ function renderWebObserveAnalyzeTable(value: Record<string, unknown>): string {
     ]]),
     "",
     "Rounds:",
-    webObserveTable(["ROUND", "SAMPLES", "TOTAL_LAST", "RECENT_LAST", "DIAG", "TERMINAL", "PROMPT_HASH"], rounds.length > 0 ? rounds.map((item) => [
+    webObserveTable(["ROUND", "SAMPLES", "LOADING", "MAX_LOAD", "TOTAL_LAST", "RECENT_LAST", "DIAG", "TERMINAL", "PROMPT_HASH"], rounds.length > 0 ? rounds.map((item) => [
       webObserveText(item.promptIndex),
       webObserveText(item.sampleCount),
+      webObserveText(item.loadingSamples),
+      webObserveText(item.maxLoadingCount),
       webObserveText(item.lastTotalElapsedSeconds),
       webObserveText(item.lastRecentUpdateSeconds),
       webObserveText(item.diagnosticSamples),
       webObserveText(item.terminalSamples),
       webObserveShort(webObserveText(item.promptTextHash), 24),
-    ]) : [["-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-"]]),
+    ]) : [["-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-"]]),
+    "",
+    "Loading visibility:",
+    webObserveTable(["SAMPLES", "LOADING_SAMPLES", "MAX_COUNT", "MAX_OWNERS", "OWNERS", "LONGEST_S", "CURRENT_S", "OVER5S"], [[
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.sampleCount ?? sampleMetrics?.sampleCount),
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.loadingSampleCount ?? sampleMetrics?.loadingSampleCount),
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.maxSimultaneousCount ?? sampleMetrics?.loadingMaxCount),
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.maxSimultaneousOwnerCount ?? sampleMetrics?.loadingMaxOwnerCount),
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.ownerCount ?? sampleMetrics?.loadingOwnerCount),
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.longestContinuousSeconds ?? sampleMetrics?.loadingLongestContinuousSeconds),
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.currentContinuousSeconds ?? sampleMetrics?.loadingCurrentContinuousSeconds),
+      webObserveText(loadingSummary?.overFiveSecondSegmentCount ?? sampleMetrics?.loadingOverFiveSecondSegmentCount),
+    ]]),
+    "",
+    "Loading owners:",
+    webObserveTable(["SAMPLES", "OCCUR", "MAX", "LONGEST_S", "KIND", "OWNER"], loadingOwners.length > 0 ? loadingOwners.map((item) => [
+      webObserveText(item.sampleCount),
+      webObserveText(item.occurrenceCount),
+      webObserveText(item.maxSimultaneousCount),
+      webObserveText(item.longestContinuousSeconds),
+      webObserveShort(webObserveText(item.ownerKind), 16),
+      webObserveShort(webObserveText(item.ownerLabel ?? item.ownerKey), 64),
+    ]) : [["-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-"]]),
+    "",
+    "Loading segments:",
+    webObserveTable(["DURATION_S", "MAX", "OWNERS", "SEQ", "LAST", "STATUS"], loadingSegments.length > 0 ? loadingSegments.map((item) => [
+      webObserveText(item.durationSeconds),
+      webObserveText(item.maxCount),
+      webObserveText(item.ownerCount),
+      `${webObserveText(item.firstSeq)}..${webObserveText(item.lastSeq)}`,
+      webObserveShort(webObserveText(item.lastAt), 24),
+      item.ongoing === true ? "ongoing" : webObserveShort(webObserveText(item.endedAt), 24),
+    ]) : [["-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-"]]),
     "",
     "Turn columns:",
     webObserveTable(["TURN", "PROMPT", "TRACE", "FIRST_SEQ", "LAST_SEQ", "SOURCE"], turnColumns.length > 0 ? turnColumns.map((item) => [
@@ -8726,7 +8764,7 @@ const compactHeartbeat=(item)=>item?{ok:item.ok,jobId:item.jobId,pid:item.pid,st
 const retryLabel=(detail)=>detail&&detail.auth?detail.auth.lastRetryLabel||'':detail&&detail.result?detail.result.lastRetryLabel||'':detail&&detail.error&&detail.error.auth?detail.error.auth.lastRetryLabel||'':'';
 const detailText=(detail)=>detail&&detail.error?short((detail.error.message||'')+(detail.error.auth&&detail.error.auth.lastError?' '+detail.error.auth.lastError:'')):detail&&detail.result?short([detail.result.statusText,detail.result.retryExhausted?'retry-exhausted':''].filter(Boolean).join(' ')):'';
 const compactControl=(item)=>({ts:item.ts,seq:item.seq,phase:item.phase,type:item.type,commandId:item.commandId,durationMs:item.detail&&item.detail.durationMs||null,retry:retryLabel(item.detail),detail:detailText(item.detail)});
-const compactSample=(item)=>({seq:item.seq,ts:item.ts,path:item.path,routeSessionId:item.routeSessionId||null,activeSessionId:item.activeSessionId||null,messageCount:Array.isArray(item.messages)?item.messages.length:0,traceRowCount:Array.isArray(item.traceRows)?item.traceRows.length:0});
+const compactSample=(item)=>({seq:item.seq,ts:item.ts,path:item.path,routeSessionId:item.routeSessionId||null,activeSessionId:item.activeSessionId||null,messageCount:Array.isArray(item.messages)?item.messages.length:0,traceRowCount:Array.isArray(item.traceRows)?item.traceRows.length:0,loadingCount:Array.isArray(item.loadings)?item.loadings.length:0,loadingOwners:Array.isArray(item.loadings)?Array.from(new Set(item.loadings.map((loading)=>loading.ownerLabel||loading.ownerKind||loading.ownerKey||'loading'))).slice(0,4):[]});
 const compactNetwork=(item)=>({ts:item.ts,type:item.type,method:item.method,url:short(item.url),status:item.status||null,failure:item.failure?short(item.failure):null});
 const pidText=fs.existsSync(path.join(dir,'pid'))?fs.readFileSync(path.join(dir,'pid'),'utf8').trim():null;
 let alive=false; if(pidText){try{process.kill(Number(pidText),0); alive=true}catch{}}
diff --git a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-observe-runner-source.ts b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-observe-runner-source.ts
index db7fa334..761eb652 100644
--- a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-observe-runner-source.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-observe-runner-source.ts
@@ -893,6 +893,91 @@ async function samplePage(reason) {
       return rect.width > 0 && rect.height > 0 && style.visibility !== "hidden" && style.display !== "none";
     };
     const textHashInput = (element) => trim(element.textContent || "", 800);
+    const loadingTextPattern = /加载中|Loading/iu;
+    const elementTextForLoading = (element) => [
+      element.textContent || "",
+      element.getAttribute("aria-label") || "",
+      element.getAttribute("title") || "",
+      element.getAttribute("data-testid") || ""
+    ].map((value) => trim(value, 240)).filter(Boolean).join(" ");
+    const hasLoadingText = (element) => loadingTextPattern.test(elementTextForLoading(element));
+    const elementDescriptor = (element) => {
+      if (!element) return null;
+      const className = String(element.className || "").replace(/\s+/g, " ").trim().split(" ").slice(0, 6).join(" ");
+      return {
+        tag: element.tagName.toLowerCase(),
+        testId: element.getAttribute("data-testid") || null,
+        role: element.getAttribute("role") || null,
+        id: element.getAttribute("id") || null,
+        className: className || null,
+        status: element.getAttribute("data-status") || element.getAttribute("aria-busy") || null,
+        sessionId: element.getAttribute("data-session-id") || null,
+        messageId: element.getAttribute("data-message-id") || null,
+        traceId: element.getAttribute("data-trace-id") || null,
+        ariaLabel: element.getAttribute("aria-label") || null
+      };
+    };
+    const ownerKindFor = (element) => {
+      const value = [
+        element.getAttribute("data-testid") || "",
+        element.getAttribute("class") || "",
+        element.getAttribute("role") || "",
+        element.tagName || ""
+      ].join(" ").toLowerCase();
+      if (/message|turn|agent|assistant/.test(value)) return "turn";
+      if (/session|rail|sidebar|nav/.test(value)) return "session-nav";
+      if (/composer|prompt|input|textarea/.test(value)) return "composer";
+      if (/diagnostic|alert|error|warning/.test(value)) return "diagnostic";
+      if (/trace|event|terminal|log/.test(value)) return "trace";
+      if (/performance|metric|chart|table/.test(value)) return "performance";
+      if (/main|workspace|workbench|root/.test(value)) return "workbench";
+      return "unknown";
+    };
+    const ownerLabelFor = (element) => {
+      const heading = element.querySelector("h1,h2,h3,h4,[data-testid*='title' i],[class*='title' i],[class*='header' i]");
+      return trim(
+        element.getAttribute("aria-label")
+          || element.getAttribute("data-testid")
+          || (heading ? heading.textContent || "" : "")
+          || element.getAttribute("class")
+          || element.tagName,
+        160
+      );
+    };
+    const ownerKeyFor = (element) => {
+      const descriptor = elementDescriptor(element) || {};
+      return [
+        ownerKindFor(element),
+        descriptor.testId || descriptor.id || descriptor.role || descriptor.className || descriptor.tag || "unknown",
+        descriptor.sessionId || descriptor.messageId || descriptor.traceId || ""
+      ].filter(Boolean).join(":").slice(0, 240);
+    };
+    const collectLoadingNodes = () => {
+      const candidates = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("body *"))
+        .filter(visible)
+        .filter(hasLoadingText)
+        .filter((element) => !Array.from(element.children).some((child) => visible(child) && hasLoadingText(child)))
+        .slice(-80);
+      return candidates.map((element, index) => {
+        const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+        const owner = element.closest('[data-message-id], [data-trace-id], article.message-card, .message-card, [data-testid*="message" i], [data-testid*="turn" i], [data-testid*="composer" i], [data-testid*="session" i], [class*="composer" i], [class*="session" i], [class*="trace" i], [class*="diagnostic" i], article, section, aside, main, form, [role="status"], [role="alert"], [role="article"], [role="navigation"]') || element;
+        const ownerDescriptor = elementDescriptor(owner);
+        return {
+          index,
+          tag: element.tagName.toLowerCase(),
+          className: String(element.className || "").slice(0, 180),
+          testId: element.getAttribute("data-testid"),
+          role: element.getAttribute("role"),
+          text: trim(elementTextForLoading(element), 240),
+          ownerKind: ownerKindFor(owner),
+          ownerKey: ownerKeyFor(owner),
+          ownerLabel: ownerLabelFor(owner),
+          owner: ownerDescriptor,
+          ownerText: trim(owner.textContent || "", 300),
+          rect: { x: Math.round(rect.x), y: Math.round(rect.y), width: Math.round(rect.width), height: Math.round(rect.height) },
+        };
+      });
+    };
     const diagnosticSummaryText = (element) => {
       const summarySelectors = [
         ".api-error-diagnostic-summary-text p",
@@ -950,6 +1035,7 @@ async function samplePage(reason) {
     const diagnosticSelector = '.api-error-diagnostic, [class*="api-error-diagnostic" i], [class*="message-diagnostic" i], [class*="projection-diagnostic" i], [data-testid="api-error-diagnostic" i], [data-testid="error-diagnostic" i], [data-testid*="diagnostic" i], [role="alert"], [aria-live="assertive"]';
     const messages = summarize(messageSelector, 20);
     const traceRows = summarize(traceSelector, 30);
+    const loadings = collectLoadingNodes();
     const diagnostics = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(diagnosticSelector)).filter(visible).slice(-40).map((element, index) => {
       const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
       const text = diagnosticSummaryText(element);
@@ -1013,6 +1099,7 @@ async function samplePage(reason) {
       scroll: { x: Math.round(window.scrollX), y: Math.round(window.scrollY), height: Math.round(document.documentElement.scrollHeight), width: Math.round(document.documentElement.scrollWidth) },
       messages,
       traceRows,
+      loadings,
       diagnostics,
       turns,
       pageProvenance: {
@@ -1069,11 +1156,12 @@ function digestDom(dom) {
   if (dom && dom.error) return dom;
   const messages = Array.isArray(dom.messages) ? dom.messages.map((item) => ({ ...item, textHash: sha256Text(item.text || ""), textPreview: truncate(item.text || "", 160), textBytes: Buffer.byteLength(item.text || "") })) : [];
   const traceRows = Array.isArray(dom.traceRows) ? dom.traceRows.map((item) => ({ ...item, textHash: sha256Text(item.text || ""), textPreview: truncate(item.text || "", 160), textBytes: Buffer.byteLength(item.text || "") })) : [];
+  const loadings = Array.isArray(dom.loadings) ? dom.loadings.map((item) => ({ ...item, textHash: sha256Text(item.text || ""), textPreview: truncate(item.text || "", 160), textBytes: Buffer.byteLength(item.text || ""), ownerTextHash: sha256Text(item.ownerText || ""), ownerTextPreview: truncate(item.ownerText || "", 160) })) : [];
   const diagnostics = Array.isArray(dom.diagnostics) ? dom.diagnostics.map((item) => ({ ...item, textHash: sha256Text(item.text || ""), textPreview: truncate(item.text || "", 260), textBytes: Buffer.byteLength(item.text || "") })) : [];
   const turns = Array.isArray(dom.turns) ? dom.turns.map((item) => ({ ...item, textHash: sha256Text(item.text || ""), textPreview: truncate(item.text || "", 200), textBytes: Buffer.byteLength(item.text || "") })) : [];
   const pageProvenance = normalizePageProvenance(dom.pageProvenance, { reason: "sample", pageLoadSeq: currentPageProvenance?.pageLoadSeq ?? pageLoadSeq });
   currentPageProvenance = pageProvenance;
-  return { ...dom, messages, traceRows, diagnostics, turns, pageProvenance: compactPageProvenance(pageProvenance) };
+  return { ...dom, messages, traceRows, loadings, diagnostics, turns, pageProvenance: compactPageProvenance(pageProvenance) };
 }
 
 async function captureScreenshot(reason, imageType = "png") {
@@ -1308,8 +1396,9 @@ console.log(JSON.stringify({
   readIssues: jsonlReadIssues.slice(0, 3).map((item) => ({ file: item.file, line: item.line ?? null, error: String(item.error ?? "").slice(0, 160) })),
   sampleMetrics: {
     ...recentWindow.sampleMetrics.summary,
-    rounds: recentWindow.sampleMetrics.rounds.slice(-8).map((item) => ({ promptIndex: item.promptIndex, promptTextHash: item.promptTextHash, sampleCount: item.sampleCount, firstSeq: item.firstSeq, lastSeq: item.lastSeq, lastTotalElapsedSeconds: item.lastTotalElapsedSeconds, lastRecentUpdateSeconds: item.lastRecentUpdateSeconds, diagnosticSamples: item.diagnosticSamples, terminalSamples: item.terminalSamples, finalTextSamples: item.finalTextSamples, turnTimingTotalElapsedZeroResetCount: item.turnTimingTotalElapsedZeroResetCount, turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpCount: item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpCount, turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpMaxSeconds: item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpMaxSeconds, turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount: item.turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount, turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxIncreaseSeconds: item.turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxIncreaseSeconds })),
+    rounds: recentWindow.sampleMetrics.rounds.slice(-8).map((item) => ({ promptIndex: item.promptIndex, promptTextHash: item.promptTextHash, sampleCount: item.sampleCount, firstSeq: item.firstSeq, lastSeq: item.lastSeq, lastTotalElapsedSeconds: item.lastTotalElapsedSeconds, lastRecentUpdateSeconds: item.lastRecentUpdateSeconds, loadingSamples: item.loadingSamples, maxLoadingCount: item.maxLoadingCount, loadingOwnerCount: item.loadingOwnerCount, diagnosticSamples: item.diagnosticSamples, terminalSamples: item.terminalSamples, finalTextSamples: item.finalTextSamples, turnTimingTotalElapsedZeroResetCount: item.turnTimingTotalElapsedZeroResetCount, turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpCount: item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpCount, turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpMaxSeconds: item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpMaxSeconds, turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount: item.turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount, turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxIncreaseSeconds: item.turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxIncreaseSeconds })),
     turnColumns: recentWindow.sampleMetrics.turnColumns.slice(-12).map((item) => ({ label: item.label, source: item.source, promptIndex: item.promptIndex, lastPromptIndex: item.lastPromptIndex, firstSeq: item.firstSeq, lastSeq: item.lastSeq, traceId: item.traceId, messageId: item.messageId })),
+    loading: compactLoadingMetricsForOutput(recentWindow.sampleMetrics.loading),
   },
   pageProvenance: recentWindow.pageProvenance.summary,
   pagePerformance: recentWindow.pagePerformance.summary,
@@ -1472,6 +1561,7 @@ function compactSampleForAnalysis(sample) {
     activeSessionId: sample.activeSessionId ?? null,
     messages: compactDomItems(sample.messages),
     traceRows: compactDomItems(sample.traceRows),
+    loadings: compactLoadingItems(sample.loadings),
     turns: compactDomItems(sample.turns),
     diagnostics: compactDomItems(sample.diagnostics),
     pageProvenance: compactSamplePageProvenance(sample.pageProvenance),
@@ -1479,6 +1569,41 @@ function compactSampleForAnalysis(sample) {
   };
 }
 
+function compactLoadingItems(items) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(items)) return [];
+  return items.map((item) => {
+    if (!item || typeof item !== "object") return item;
+    const rawText = String(item.text ?? item.textPreview ?? "");
+    return {
+      index: item.index ?? null,
+      tag: item.tag ?? null,
+      testId: item.testId ?? null,
+      role: item.role ?? null,
+      ownerKind: item.ownerKind ?? null,
+      ownerKey: item.ownerKey ?? null,
+      ownerLabel: item.ownerLabel ?? null,
+      owner: item.owner && typeof item.owner === "object" ? {
+        tag: item.owner.tag ?? null,
+        testId: item.owner.testId ?? null,
+        role: item.owner.role ?? null,
+        id: item.owner.id ?? null,
+        className: item.owner.className ?? null,
+        status: item.owner.status ?? null,
+        sessionId: item.owner.sessionId ?? null,
+        messageId: item.owner.messageId ?? null,
+        traceId: item.owner.traceId ?? null,
+        ariaLabel: item.owner.ariaLabel ?? null,
+      } : null,
+      text: limitText(rawText, 400),
+      textPreview: limitText(String(item.textPreview ?? rawText), 240),
+      textHash: item.textHash ?? sha256(rawText),
+      textBytes: item.textBytes ?? Buffer.byteLength(rawText),
+      ownerTextHash: item.ownerTextHash ?? null,
+      ownerTextPreview: item.ownerTextPreview ? limitText(item.ownerTextPreview, 240) : null,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
 function compactDomItems(items) {
   if (!Array.isArray(items)) return [];
   return items.map(compactDomItem);
@@ -1537,6 +1662,17 @@ function compactPerformanceItems(items) {
   }));
 }
 
+function compactLoadingMetricsForOutput(value) {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object") return null;
+  return {
+    summary: value.summary ?? null,
+    longestSegments: Array.isArray(value.segments) ? value.segments.slice(0, 8) : [],
+    owners: Array.isArray(value.owners) ? value.owners.slice(0, 8) : [],
+    timeline: Array.isArray(value.timeline) ? value.timeline.slice(-12) : [],
+    valuesRedacted: true
+  };
+}
+
 function compactSamplePageProvenance(value) {
   if (!value || typeof value !== "object") return null;
   return {
@@ -1599,6 +1735,9 @@ function buildFindings(samples, control, network, errors, sampleMetrics, promptN
       ? sampleMetrics.turnTimingNonMonotonic.filter((item) => item.metric === "recentUpdateSeconds" && item.anomaly === "jump")
       : [];
   if (recentUpdateSawtoothJumps.length > 0) findings.push({ id: "turn-timing-recent-update-sawtooth-jump", severity: "amber", summary: "最近更新 value jumped faster than sample interval; expected sawtooth increase-or-reset", count: recentUpdateSawtoothJumps.length, samples: recentUpdateSawtoothJumps.slice(0, 20) });
+  const loadingSummary = sampleMetrics?.loading?.summary || {};
+  if (Number(loadingSummary.longestContinuousSeconds ?? 0) > 5) findings.push({ id: "page-loading-visible-over-5s", severity: "red", summary: "visible 加载中 stayed on screen longer than 5s; fix real loading latency instead of revealing incomplete content early", count: loadingSummary.overFiveSecondSegmentCount ?? 1, longestContinuousSeconds: loadingSummary.longestContinuousSeconds, segments: sampleMetrics.loading.segments.slice(0, 20), owners: sampleMetrics.loading.owners.slice(0, 20) });
+  if (Number(loadingSummary.maxSimultaneousCount ?? 0) > 1) findings.push({ id: "page-loading-concurrent", severity: "info", summary: "multiple 加载中 indicators were visible in the same sampled DOM point", count: loadingSummary.concurrentLoadingSampleCount ?? 0, maxSimultaneousCount: loadingSummary.maxSimultaneousCount, owners: sampleMetrics.loading.owners.slice(0, 20) });
   if ((runtimeAlerts?.summary?.httpErrorCount ?? 0) > 0) findings.push({ id: "runtime-http-errors", severity: "amber", summary: "natural page requests returned HTTP error status during observation", count: runtimeAlerts.summary.httpErrorCount, groups: runtimeAlerts.networkHttpErrorsByPath.slice(0, 12) });
   if ((runtimeAlerts?.summary?.requestFailedCount ?? 0) > 0) findings.push({ id: "runtime-requestfailed", severity: "amber", summary: "browser requestfailed events were captured during observation", count: runtimeAlerts.summary.requestFailedCount, groups: runtimeAlerts.networkRequestFailedByPath.slice(0, 12) });
   if ((runtimeAlerts?.summary?.domDiagnosticSampleCount ?? 0) > 0) findings.push({ id: "runtime-dom-diagnostics", severity: "amber", summary: "diagnostic/error/warning-like text was visible in sampled DOM", count: runtimeAlerts.summary.domDiagnosticSampleCount, groupCount: runtimeAlerts.summary.domDiagnosticGroupCount ?? 0, groups: runtimeAlerts.domDiagnosticsByText.slice(0, 12), samples: runtimeAlerts.domDiagnostics.slice(0, 12) });
@@ -2562,6 +2701,8 @@ function buildSampleMetrics(samples, control) {
     const diagnosticTexts = texts.filter(isDiagnosticText).slice(0, 5);
     const terminalTexts = texts.filter(isTerminalTraceText).slice(0, 5);
     const finalResultTexts = texts.filter(isFinalResultText).slice(0, 5);
+    const loadings = Array.isArray(sample.loadings) ? sample.loadings : [];
+    const loadingOwners = uniqueLoadingOwners(loadings);
     return {
       seq: sample.seq ?? null,
       ts: sample.ts ?? null,
@@ -2570,6 +2711,9 @@ function buildSampleMetrics(samples, control) {
       promptIndex,
       messageCount: Array.isArray(sample.messages) ? sample.messages.length : 0,
       traceRowCount: Array.isArray(sample.traceRows) ? sample.traceRows.length : 0,
+      loadingCount: loadings.length,
+      loadingOwnerCount: loadingOwners.length,
+      loadingOwners: loadingOwners.map((item) => ({ ownerKey: item.ownerKey, ownerKind: item.ownerKind, ownerLabel: item.ownerLabel, count: item.count })).slice(0, 12),
       totalElapsedSeconds: totalElapsedValues.length > 0 ? Math.max(...totalElapsedValues) : null,
       recentUpdateSeconds: recentUpdateValues.length > 0 ? Math.max(...recentUpdateValues) : null,
       terminalSeen: terminalTexts.length > 0,
@@ -2605,6 +2749,7 @@ function buildSampleMetrics(samples, control) {
   const withTotal = timeline.filter((item) => item.totalElapsedSeconds !== null).length;
   const withRecent = timeline.filter((item) => item.recentUpdateSeconds !== null).length;
   const diagnostics = timeline.filter((item) => item.diagnosticSeen).length;
+  const loading = buildLoadingMetrics(samples, timeline);
   const rounds = buildRoundMetricSummaries(timeline, promptCommands, {
     nonMonotonic: turnTimingNonMonotonic,
     elapsedZeroResets: turnTimingElapsedZeroResets,
@@ -2620,6 +2765,14 @@ function buildSampleMetrics(samples, control) {
       withTotalElapsed: withTotal,
       withRecentUpdate: withRecent,
       diagnostics,
+      loadingSampleCount: loading.summary.loadingSampleCount,
+      loadingMaxCount: loading.summary.maxSimultaneousCount,
+      loadingMaxOwnerCount: loading.summary.maxSimultaneousOwnerCount,
+      loadingOwnerCount: loading.summary.ownerCount,
+      loadingConcurrentSampleCount: loading.summary.concurrentLoadingSampleCount,
+      loadingLongestContinuousSeconds: loading.summary.longestContinuousSeconds,
+      loadingCurrentContinuousSeconds: loading.summary.currentContinuousSeconds,
+      loadingOverFiveSecondSegmentCount: loading.summary.overFiveSecondSegmentCount,
       promptSegments: Math.max(0, promptTimes.length),
       rounds: rounds.length,
       turnColumns: turnTiming.columns.length,
@@ -2645,6 +2798,7 @@ function buildSampleMetrics(samples, control) {
       roundsWithTerminalElapsedGrowth: rounds.filter((item) => item.turnTimingTerminalElapsedGrowthCount > 0).length,
       roundsWithRecentUpdateJumps: rounds.filter((item) => item.turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount > 0).length
     },
+    loading,
     rounds,
     turnColumns: turnTiming.columns,
     turnTimingTable: turnTiming.rows,
@@ -2660,6 +2814,231 @@ function buildSampleMetrics(samples, control) {
   };
 }
 
+function uniqueLoadingOwners(loadings) {
+  const groups = new Map();
+  for (let index = 0; index < (Array.isArray(loadings) ? loadings : []).length; index += 1) {
+    const item = loadings[index];
+    const ownerKey = loadingOwnerKey(item, index);
+    const existing = groups.get(ownerKey) || {
+      ownerKey,
+      ownerKind: item?.ownerKind ?? "unknown",
+      ownerLabel: loadingOwnerLabel(item, ownerKey),
+      count: 0,
+      textHashes: []
+    };
+    existing.count += 1;
+    if (item?.textHash && !existing.textHashes.includes(item.textHash)) existing.textHashes.push(item.textHash);
+    groups.set(ownerKey, existing);
+  }
+  return Array.from(groups.values()).sort((a, b) => b.count - a.count || String(a.ownerLabel).localeCompare(String(b.ownerLabel)));
+}
+
+function loadingOwnerKey(item, index = 0) {
+  const key = String(item?.ownerKey || "").trim();
+  if (key) return key.slice(0, 240);
+  const owner = item?.owner && typeof item.owner === "object" ? item.owner : {};
+  return [
+    item?.ownerKind || "unknown",
+    owner.testId || item?.testId || owner.id || owner.role || owner.className || item?.role || item?.tag || "node",
+    owner.sessionId || owner.messageId || owner.traceId || item?.textHash || String(index)
+  ].filter(Boolean).join(":").slice(0, 240);
+}
+
+function loadingOwnerLabel(item, fallback) {
+  return limitText(String(item?.ownerLabel || item?.owner?.ariaLabel || item?.owner?.testId || item?.owner?.className || fallback || "unknown"), 160);
+}
+
+function buildLoadingMetrics(samples, timeline) {
+  const events = samples.map((sample, index) => {
+    const tsMs = Date.parse(sample?.ts);
+    const loadings = Array.isArray(sample?.loadings) ? sample.loadings : [];
+    const owners = uniqueLoadingOwners(loadings);
+    return {
+      seq: sample?.seq ?? null,
+      ts: sample?.ts ?? null,
+      tsMs,
+      promptIndex: timeline[index]?.promptIndex ?? 0,
+      routeSessionId: sample?.routeSessionId ?? null,
+      activeSessionId: sample?.activeSessionId ?? null,
+      loadingCount: loadings.length,
+      ownerCount: owners.length,
+      owners,
+      ownerKeys: owners.map((item) => item.ownerKey),
+      ownerLabels: owners.map((item) => item.ownerLabel).slice(0, 8)
+    };
+  }).filter((item) => Number.isFinite(item.tsMs));
+  const continuityThresholdMs = loadingContinuityThresholdMs(events);
+  const segments = buildLoadingSegments(events, continuityThresholdMs, (event) => event.loadingCount, (event) => event.owners)
+    .sort((a, b) => Number(b.durationSeconds ?? 0) - Number(a.durationSeconds ?? 0) || Number(b.maxCount ?? 0) - Number(a.maxCount ?? 0));
+  const ownerMap = new Map();
+  for (const event of events) {
+    for (const owner of event.owners) {
+      const existing = ownerMap.get(owner.ownerKey) || {
+        ownerKey: owner.ownerKey,
+        ownerKind: owner.ownerKind,
+        ownerLabel: owner.ownerLabel,
+        sampleCount: 0,
+        occurrenceCount: 0,
+        maxSimultaneousCount: 0,
+        firstAt: event.ts,
+        lastAt: event.ts,
+        firstSeq: event.seq,
+        lastSeq: event.seq,
+        promptIndexes: new Set(),
+        events: []
+      };
+      existing.sampleCount += 1;
+      existing.occurrenceCount += owner.count;
+      existing.maxSimultaneousCount = Math.max(existing.maxSimultaneousCount, owner.count);
+      existing.lastAt = event.ts;
+      existing.lastSeq = event.seq;
+      if (Number.isFinite(Number(event.promptIndex))) existing.promptIndexes.add(Number(event.promptIndex));
+      existing.events.push({ ...event, loadingCount: owner.count, owners: [owner] });
+      ownerMap.set(owner.ownerKey, existing);
+    }
+  }
+  const owners = Array.from(ownerMap.values()).map((owner) => {
+    const ownerSegments = buildLoadingSegments(owner.events, continuityThresholdMs, (event) => event.loadingCount, (event) => event.owners);
+    const longest = ownerSegments.reduce((max, item) => Math.max(max, Number(item.durationSeconds ?? 0)), 0);
+    return {
+      ownerKey: owner.ownerKey,
+      ownerKind: owner.ownerKind,
+      ownerLabel: owner.ownerLabel,
+      sampleCount: owner.sampleCount,
+      occurrenceCount: owner.occurrenceCount,
+      maxSimultaneousCount: owner.maxSimultaneousCount,
+      longestContinuousSeconds: longest,
+      firstAt: owner.firstAt,
+      lastAt: owner.lastAt,
+      firstSeq: owner.firstSeq,
+      lastSeq: owner.lastSeq,
+      promptIndexes: Array.from(owner.promptIndexes).sort((a, b) => a - b),
+      segments: ownerSegments.sort((a, b) => Number(b.durationSeconds ?? 0) - Number(a.durationSeconds ?? 0)).slice(0, 8),
+      valuesRedacted: true
+    };
+  }).sort((a, b) => Number(b.longestContinuousSeconds ?? 0) - Number(a.longestContinuousSeconds ?? 0) || Number(b.occurrenceCount ?? 0) - Number(a.occurrenceCount ?? 0));
+  const latest = events[events.length - 1] || null;
+  const currentSegment = latest && latest.loadingCount > 0
+    ? segments.find((segment) => segment.ongoing === true && segment.lastSeq === latest.seq) || null
+    : null;
+  const timelineRows = events
+    .filter((event, index) => event.loadingCount > 0 || (index > 0 && events[index - 1]?.loadingCount > 0))
+    .slice(0, 500)
+    .map((event) => ({
+      seq: event.seq,
+      ts: event.ts,
+      promptIndex: event.promptIndex,
+      loadingCount: event.loadingCount,
+      ownerCount: event.ownerCount,
+      owners: event.owners.map((owner) => ({ ownerKind: owner.ownerKind, ownerLabel: owner.ownerLabel, count: owner.count })).slice(0, 8)
+    }));
+  return {
+    summary: {
+      sampleCount: events.length,
+      loadingSampleCount: events.filter((event) => event.loadingCount > 0).length,
+      maxSimultaneousCount: events.reduce((max, event) => Math.max(max, event.loadingCount), 0),
+      maxSimultaneousOwnerCount: events.reduce((max, event) => Math.max(max, event.ownerCount), 0),
+      concurrentLoadingSampleCount: events.filter((event) => event.loadingCount > 1).length,
+      ownerCount: owners.length,
+      segmentCount: segments.length,
+      overFiveSecondSegmentCount: segments.filter((segment) => Number(segment.durationSeconds ?? 0) > 5).length,
+      longestContinuousSeconds: segments.length > 0 ? Number(segments[0].durationSeconds ?? 0) : 0,
+      currentContinuousSeconds: currentSegment ? Number(currentSegment.durationSeconds ?? 0) : 0,
+      continuityThresholdMs,
+      latestLoadingCount: latest?.loadingCount ?? 0,
+      latestOwnerCount: latest?.ownerCount ?? 0,
+      valuesRedacted: true
+    },
+    segments: segments.slice(0, 80),
+    owners: owners.slice(0, 80),
+    timeline: timelineRows,
+    valuesRedacted: true
+  };
+}
+
+function loadingContinuityThresholdMs(events) {
+  const deltas = [];
+  for (let index = 1; index < events.length; index += 1) {
+    const delta = events[index].tsMs - events[index - 1].tsMs;
+    if (Number.isFinite(delta) && delta > 0) deltas.push(delta);
+  }
+  if (deltas.length === 0) return 15000;
+  const sorted = deltas.slice().sort((a, b) => a - b);
+  const median = sorted[Math.floor(sorted.length / 2)];
+  return Math.max(15000, Math.round(median * 2.5));
+}
+
+function buildLoadingSegments(events, continuityThresholdMs, countForEvent, ownersForEvent) {
+  const segments = [];
+  let segment = null;
+  let previousTsMs = null;
+  for (const event of events) {
+    const count = Number(countForEvent(event) ?? 0);
+    const gapOk = previousTsMs === null || !Number.isFinite(event.tsMs) || event.tsMs - previousTsMs <= continuityThresholdMs;
+    if (count > 0) {
+      if (!segment || !gapOk) {
+        if (segment) segments.push(finalizeLoadingSegment(segment, null));
+        segment = {
+          firstAt: event.ts,
+          lastAt: event.ts,
+          firstSeq: event.seq,
+          lastSeq: event.seq,
+          promptIndexes: new Set(),
+          ownerKeys: new Set(),
+          ownerLabels: new Map(),
+          sampleCount: 0,
+          maxCount: 0,
+          ongoing: true
+        };
+      }
+      segment.lastAt = event.ts;
+      segment.lastSeq = event.seq;
+      segment.sampleCount += 1;
+      segment.maxCount = Math.max(segment.maxCount, count);
+      if (Number.isFinite(Number(event.promptIndex))) segment.promptIndexes.add(Number(event.promptIndex));
+      for (const owner of ownersForEvent(event) || []) {
+        if (!owner?.ownerKey) continue;
+        segment.ownerKeys.add(owner.ownerKey);
+        if (!segment.ownerLabels.has(owner.ownerKey)) segment.ownerLabels.set(owner.ownerKey, { ownerKey: owner.ownerKey, ownerKind: owner.ownerKind, ownerLabel: owner.ownerLabel, count: 0 });
+        const label = segment.ownerLabels.get(owner.ownerKey);
+        label.count += owner.count ?? 1;
+      }
+    } else if (segment) {
+      segment.ongoing = false;
+      segment.endedAt = event.ts;
+      segment.endSeq = event.seq;
+      segments.push(finalizeLoadingSegment(segment, event));
+      segment = null;
+    }
+    previousTsMs = event.tsMs;
+  }
+  if (segment) segments.push(finalizeLoadingSegment(segment, null));
+  return segments;
+}
+
+function finalizeLoadingSegment(segment, absentEvent) {
+  const startMs = Date.parse(segment.firstAt || "");
+  const endAnchor = absentEvent?.ts || segment.lastAt;
+  const endMs = Date.parse(endAnchor || "");
+  const durationSeconds = Number.isFinite(startMs) && Number.isFinite(endMs) && endMs >= startMs ? Number(((endMs - startMs) / 1000).toFixed(3)) : 0;
+  return {
+    firstAt: segment.firstAt,
+    lastAt: segment.lastAt,
+    endedAt: absentEvent?.ts ?? null,
+    firstSeq: segment.firstSeq,
+    lastSeq: segment.lastSeq,
+    endSeq: absentEvent?.seq ?? null,
+    durationSeconds,
+    sampleCount: segment.sampleCount,
+    maxCount: segment.maxCount,
+    ownerCount: segment.ownerKeys.size,
+    owners: Array.from(segment.ownerLabels.values()).sort((a, b) => b.count - a.count || String(a.ownerLabel).localeCompare(String(b.ownerLabel))).slice(0, 12),
+    promptIndexes: Array.from(segment.promptIndexes).sort((a, b) => a - b),
+    ongoing: absentEvent ? false : segment.ongoing === true,
+    valuesRedacted: true
+  };
+}
+
 function buildTurnTimingTable(samples, timeline) {
   const columns = [];
   const registry = new Map();
@@ -3034,6 +3413,13 @@ function buildRoundMetricSummaries(timeline, promptCommands, timing = {}) {
     const items = timeline.filter((item) => item.promptIndex === promptIndex);
     const totalElapsed = items.map((item) => item.totalElapsedSeconds).filter((value) => value !== null);
     const recentUpdate = items.map((item) => item.recentUpdateSeconds).filter((value) => value !== null);
+    const loadingCounts = items.map((item) => Number(item.loadingCount ?? 0)).filter(Number.isFinite);
+    const loadingOwners = new Set();
+    for (const item of items) {
+      for (const owner of Array.isArray(item.loadingOwners) ? item.loadingOwners : []) {
+        if (owner?.ownerKey) loadingOwners.add(owner.ownerKey);
+      }
+    }
     const timingAnomalies = nonMonotonic.filter((item) => item.promptIndex === promptIndex);
     const timingForwardJumps = totalElapsedForwardJumps.filter((item) => item.promptIndex === promptIndex);
     const timingZeroResets = elapsedZeroResets.filter((item) => item.promptIndex === promptIndex);
@@ -3056,6 +3442,9 @@ function buildRoundMetricSummaries(timeline, promptCommands, timing = {}) {
       lastSampleAt: items[items.length - 1]?.ts ?? null,
       withTotalElapsed: totalElapsed.length,
       withRecentUpdate: recentUpdate.length,
+      loadingSamples: loadingCounts.filter((value) => value > 0).length,
+      maxLoadingCount: loadingCounts.length > 0 ? Math.max(...loadingCounts) : 0,
+      loadingOwnerCount: loadingOwners.size,
       maxTotalElapsedSeconds: totalElapsed.length > 0 ? Math.max(...totalElapsed) : null,
       lastTotalElapsedSeconds: lastNonNull(items.map((item) => item.totalElapsedSeconds)),
       maxRecentUpdateSeconds: recentUpdate.length > 0 ? Math.max(...recentUpdate) : null,
@@ -3287,6 +3676,8 @@ function renderMarkdown(report) {
   const commandLines = report.commandTimeline.length === 0 ? "- 无控制命令。" : report.commandTimeline.map((item) => "- " + item.ts + " " + item.phase + " " + item.type + " " + item.commandId + " " + (item.afterUrl || "")).join("\n");
   const transitionLines = report.transitions.length === 0 ? "- 无状态变化。" : report.transitions.slice(0, 80).map((item) => "- #" + item.seq + " " + item.ts + " messages=" + item.messageCount + " traceRows=" + item.traceRowCount + " route=" + (item.routeSessionId || "-") + " active=" + (item.activeSessionId || "-")).join("\n");
   const metricSummary = report.sampleMetrics?.summary || {};
+  const loading = report.sampleMetrics?.loading || {};
+  const loadingSummary = loading.summary || {};
   const alertSummary = report.runtimeAlerts?.summary || {};
   const httpAlertLines = Array.isArray(report.runtimeAlerts?.networkHttpErrorsByPath) && report.runtimeAlerts.networkHttpErrorsByPath.length > 0
     ? report.runtimeAlerts.networkHttpErrorsByPath.slice(0, 40).map((item) => "- HTTP " + (item.status ?? "-") + " " + item.method + " " + item.urlPath + " count=" + item.count + " prompts=" + (item.promptIndexes?.join(",") || "-") + " first=" + (item.firstAt || "-") + " last=" + (item.lastAt || "-")).join("\n")
@@ -3307,8 +3698,17 @@ function renderMarkdown(report) {
     ? report.promptNetwork.rounds.map((item) => "- round " + item.promptIndex + " promptHash=" + (item.promptTextHash || "-") + " chatPostOk=" + String(item.chatPostOk) + " failure=" + (item.failureKind || "-") + " statuses=" + (Array.isArray(item.responseStatuses) && item.responseStatuses.length > 0 ? item.responseStatuses.join(",") : "-") + " firstChat=" + (item.firstChatEventAt || "-") + " lastChat=" + (item.lastChatEventAt || "-")).join("\n")
     : "- 无 prompt 网络记录。";
   const roundLines = Array.isArray(report.sampleMetrics?.rounds) && report.sampleMetrics.rounds.length > 0
-    ? report.sampleMetrics.rounds.map((item) => "- round " + item.promptIndex + " promptHash=" + (item.promptTextHash || "-") + " samples=" + item.sampleCount + " totalMax=" + (item.maxTotalElapsedSeconds ?? "-") + " totalLast=" + (item.lastTotalElapsedSeconds ?? "-") + " recentMax=" + (item.maxRecentUpdateSeconds ?? "-") + " recentLast=" + (item.lastRecentUpdateSeconds ?? "-") + " totalDecrease=" + (item.turnTimingTotalElapsedDecreaseCount ?? 0) + " totalForwardJump=" + (item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpCount ?? 0) + " totalForwardJumpMax=" + (item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpMaxSeconds ?? 0) + " terminalGrowth=" + (item.turnTimingTerminalElapsedGrowthCount ?? 0) + " terminalGrowthMax=" + (item.turnTimingTerminalElapsedGrowthMaxSeconds ?? 0) + " recentJump=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount ?? 0) + " recentSawtoothJump=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateSawtoothJumpCount ?? item.turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount ?? 0) + " recentStep=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateStepCount ?? 0) + " recentMaxIncrease=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxIncreaseSeconds ?? "-") + " recentMaxExcess=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxExcessSeconds ?? 0) + " recentReset=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateResetCount ?? 0) + " diagnostics=" + item.diagnosticSamples + " terminal=" + item.terminalSamples + " finalText=" + item.finalTextSamples).join("\n")
+    ? report.sampleMetrics.rounds.map((item) => "- round " + item.promptIndex + " promptHash=" + (item.promptTextHash || "-") + " samples=" + item.sampleCount + " loadingSamples=" + (item.loadingSamples ?? 0) + " maxLoading=" + (item.maxLoadingCount ?? 0) + " loadingOwners=" + (item.loadingOwnerCount ?? 0) + " totalMax=" + (item.maxTotalElapsedSeconds ?? "-") + " totalLast=" + (item.lastTotalElapsedSeconds ?? "-") + " recentMax=" + (item.maxRecentUpdateSeconds ?? "-") + " recentLast=" + (item.lastRecentUpdateSeconds ?? "-") + " totalDecrease=" + (item.turnTimingTotalElapsedDecreaseCount ?? 0) + " totalForwardJump=" + (item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpCount ?? 0) + " totalForwardJumpMax=" + (item.turnTimingTotalElapsedForwardJumpMaxSeconds ?? 0) + " terminalGrowth=" + (item.turnTimingTerminalElapsedGrowthCount ?? 0) + " terminalGrowthMax=" + (item.turnTimingTerminalElapsedGrowthMaxSeconds ?? 0) + " recentJump=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount ?? 0) + " recentSawtoothJump=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateSawtoothJumpCount ?? item.turnTimingRecentUpdateJumpCount ?? 0) + " recentStep=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateStepCount ?? 0) + " recentMaxIncrease=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxIncreaseSeconds ?? "-") + " recentMaxExcess=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxExcessSeconds ?? 0) + " recentReset=" + (item.turnTimingRecentUpdateResetCount ?? 0) + " diagnostics=" + item.diagnosticSamples + " terminal=" + item.terminalSamples + " finalText=" + item.finalTextSamples).join("\n")
     : "- 无轮次指标。";
+  const loadingSegmentLines = Array.isArray(loading.segments) && loading.segments.length > 0
+    ? loading.segments.slice(0, 80).map((item) => "- duration=" + (item.durationSeconds ?? 0) + "s countMax=" + (item.maxCount ?? 0) + " owners=" + (item.ownerCount ?? 0) + " seq=" + (item.firstSeq ?? "-") + ".." + (item.lastSeq ?? "-") + " ts=" + (item.firstAt || "-") + ".." + (item.lastAt || "-") + " endedAt=" + (item.endedAt || (item.ongoing ? "ongoing" : "-")) + " ownerLabels=" + ((Array.isArray(item.owners) ? item.owners : []).slice(0, 6).map((owner) => (owner.ownerKind || "-") + ":" + (owner.ownerLabel || "-") + "x" + (owner.count ?? 0)).join(",") || "-")).join("\n")
+    : "- 未观察到“加载中”可见区间。";
+  const loadingOwnerLines = Array.isArray(loading.owners) && loading.owners.length > 0
+    ? loading.owners.slice(0, 80).map((item) => "- " + (item.ownerKind || "-") + " " + escapeMarkdownCell(item.ownerLabel || item.ownerKey || "-") + " samples=" + (item.sampleCount ?? 0) + " occurrences=" + (item.occurrenceCount ?? 0) + " maxCount=" + (item.maxSimultaneousCount ?? 0) + " longest=" + (item.longestContinuousSeconds ?? 0) + "s seq=" + (item.firstSeq ?? "-") + ".." + (item.lastSeq ?? "-") + " prompts=" + (Array.isArray(item.promptIndexes) ? item.promptIndexes.join(",") : "-")).join("\n")
+    : "- 未观察到“加载中”归属。";
+  const loadingTimelineLines = Array.isArray(loading.timeline) && loading.timeline.length > 0
+    ? loading.timeline.slice(0, 160).map((item) => "- #" + (item.seq ?? "-") + " " + (item.ts || "-") + " prompt=" + (item.promptIndex ?? "-") + " loadingCount=" + (item.loadingCount ?? 0) + " ownerCount=" + (item.ownerCount ?? 0) + " owners=" + ((Array.isArray(item.owners) ? item.owners : []).slice(0, 6).map((owner) => (owner.ownerKind || "-") + ":" + (owner.ownerLabel || "-") + "x" + (owner.count ?? 0)).join(",") || "-")).join("\n")
+    : "- 未观察到“加载中”采样点。";
   const provenanceLines = Array.isArray(report.pageProvenance?.segments) && report.pageProvenance.segments.length > 0
     ? report.pageProvenance.segments.slice(0, 40).map((item) => "- fingerprint=" + (item.assetFingerprint || "-") + " samples=" + item.sampleCount + " seq=" + (item.firstSeq ?? "-") + ".." + (item.lastSeq ?? "-") + " ts=" + (item.firstAt || "-") + ".." + (item.lastAt || "-") + " scripts=" + (item.scriptCount ?? "-") + " styles=" + (item.stylesheetCount ?? "-") + " urlPaths=" + (Array.isArray(item.urlPaths) ? item.urlPaths.slice(0, 4).join(",") : "-")).join("\n")
     : "- 无页面 provenance segment。";
@@ -3316,7 +3716,7 @@ function renderMarkdown(report) {
     ? report.pagePerformance.sameOriginApiByPath.slice(0, 80).map((item) => "- " + item.path + " kind=" + (item.routeKind || "same-origin-api") + " budgetMetric=" + (item.budgetMetric || "durationMs") + " samples=" + item.sampleCount + " p50=" + (item.p50Ms ?? "-") + "ms p75=" + (item.p75Ms ?? "-") + "ms p95=" + (item.p95Ms ?? "-") + "ms max=" + (item.maxMs ?? "-") + "ms >5s=" + (item.overFiveSecondCount ?? 0) + " streamOpenP95=" + (item.streamOpenP95Ms ?? "-") + "ms streamLifetime>5s=" + (item.streamLifetimeOverFiveSecondCount ?? 0) + " window=" + (item.firstAt || "-") + ".." + (item.lastAt || "-")).join("\n")
     : "- 无同源 API Resource Timing 样本。";
   const metricLines = Array.isArray(report.sampleMetrics?.timeline) && report.sampleMetrics.timeline.length > 0
-    ? report.sampleMetrics.timeline.slice(0, 120).map((item) => "- #" + item.seq + " " + item.ts + " prompt=" + item.promptIndex + " totalElapsedSeconds=" + (item.totalElapsedSeconds ?? "-") + " recentUpdateSeconds=" + (item.recentUpdateSeconds ?? "-") + " terminal=" + item.terminalSeen + " finalText=" + item.finalResultTextSeen + " diagnostic=" + item.diagnosticSeen).join("\n")
+    ? report.sampleMetrics.timeline.slice(0, 120).map((item) => "- #" + item.seq + " " + item.ts + " prompt=" + item.promptIndex + " loadingCount=" + (item.loadingCount ?? 0) + " loadingOwners=" + (item.loadingOwnerCount ?? 0) + " totalElapsedSeconds=" + (item.totalElapsedSeconds ?? "-") + " recentUpdateSeconds=" + (item.recentUpdateSeconds ?? "-") + " terminal=" + item.terminalSeen + " finalText=" + item.finalResultTextSeen + " diagnostic=" + item.diagnosticSeen).join("\n")
     : "- 无采样指标。";
   const turnTimingTable = renderTurnTimingTable(report.sampleMetrics);
   return "# web-probe observe analysis\n\n"
@@ -3333,6 +3733,13 @@ function renderMarkdown(report) {
     + "- withTotalElapsed: " + (metricSummary.withTotalElapsed ?? 0) + "\n"
     + "- withRecentUpdate: " + (metricSummary.withRecentUpdate ?? 0) + "\n"
     + "- diagnostics: " + (metricSummary.diagnostics ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingSamples: " + (metricSummary.loadingSampleCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingMaxCount: " + (metricSummary.loadingMaxCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingMaxOwnerCount: " + (metricSummary.loadingMaxOwnerCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingOwnerCount: " + (metricSummary.loadingOwnerCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingLongestContinuousSeconds: " + (metricSummary.loadingLongestContinuousSeconds ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingCurrentContinuousSeconds: " + (metricSummary.loadingCurrentContinuousSeconds ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingOverFiveSecondSegmentCount: " + (metricSummary.loadingOverFiveSecondSegmentCount ?? 0) + "\n"
     + "- promptSegments: " + (metricSummary.promptSegments ?? 0) + "\n\n"
     + "- turnColumns: " + (metricSummary.turnColumns ?? 0) + "\n"
     + "- turnTimingRows: " + (metricSummary.turnTimingRows ?? 0) + "\n"
@@ -3349,6 +3756,21 @@ function renderMarkdown(report) {
     + "- turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxExcessSeconds: " + (metricSummary.turnTimingRecentUpdateMaxExcessSeconds ?? 0) + "\n"
     + "- turnTimingRecentUpdateResetCount: " + (metricSummary.turnTimingRecentUpdateResetCount ?? 0) + "\n\n"
     + "### Rounds\n\n" + roundLines + "\n\n"
+    + "### Loading visibility: visible 加载中\n\n"
+    + "- sampleCount: " + (loadingSummary.sampleCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- loadingSampleCount: " + (loadingSummary.loadingSampleCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- maxSimultaneousCount: " + (loadingSummary.maxSimultaneousCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- maxSimultaneousOwnerCount: " + (loadingSummary.maxSimultaneousOwnerCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- concurrentLoadingSampleCount: " + (loadingSummary.concurrentLoadingSampleCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- ownerCount: " + (loadingSummary.ownerCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- segmentCount: " + (loadingSummary.segmentCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- overFiveSecondSegmentCount: " + (loadingSummary.overFiveSecondSegmentCount ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- longestContinuousSeconds: " + (loadingSummary.longestContinuousSeconds ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- currentContinuousSeconds: " + (loadingSummary.currentContinuousSeconds ?? 0) + "\n"
+    + "- policy: 该指标只能证明用户真实看到“加载中”的持续时间；修复必须降低真实请求/投影/渲染耗时，禁止提前展示未加载完内容来压低该指标。\n\n"
+    + "#### Loading segments\n\n" + loadingSegmentLines + "\n\n"
+    + "#### Loading owners\n\n" + loadingOwnerLines + "\n\n"
+    + "#### Loading sample timeline\n\n" + loadingTimelineLines + "\n\n"
     + "### Page provenance\n\n"
     + "- segmentCount: " + (report.pageProvenance?.summary?.segmentCount ?? 0) + "\n"
     + "- controlSegmentCount: " + (report.pageProvenance?.summary?.controlSegmentCount ?? 0) + "\n\n"