diff --git a/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/SKILL.md b/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/SKILL.md
index d6ea73d8..dc502e73 100644
--- a/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/SKILL.md
+++ b/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/SKILL.md
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ trans D601:win/c/test git commit -m 'fix: update docs'
 trans gh:/owner/repo/issue/<number> cat
 ```
 
-Host workspace、k3s、Windows、GitHub issue/PR route，sh/bash/argv/apply-patch/py/upload/download/playwright/kubectl/logs/skills/tcp-pool 操作，以及 apply-patch envelope 语法和 quoting 陷阱见 [references/full.md](references/full.md)。
+Host workspace、k3s、Windows、GitHub issue/PR route，sh/bash/argv/apply-patch/py/upload/download/kubectl/logs/skills/tcp-pool 操作，以及 apply-patch envelope 语法和 quoting 陷阱见 [references/full.md](references/full.md)。
 
 ## P0 边界
 
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ Host workspace、k3s、Windows、GitHub issue/PR route，sh/bash/argv/apply-patc
 
 - 不确定 route 语法、k3s/workspace/Windows 定位时，读 [references/full.md](references/full.md) 的 Route 语法段。
 - 编写远端 patch 前，读 apply-patch 语法、上下文定位和常见失败段。
-- 需要 shell heredoc、Python、upload/download、Playwright 或超时处理时，读 Operation 和 60s 段。
+- 需要 shell heredoc、Python、upload/download 或超时处理时，读 Operation 和 60s 段。
diff --git a/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/references/full.md b/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/references/full.md
index bedb4c6f..9df4ba37 100644
--- a/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/references/full.md
+++ b/.agents/skills/unidesk-trans/references/full.md
@@ -170,10 +170,6 @@ trans G14:/root/hwlab download /root/remote-file.txt ./local-file.txt
 
 自动校验 SHA-256，结果中 `verified=true` 即完整性证明。
 
-### playwright（远端浏览器验收）
-
-`trans <route> playwright` 只保留为跨 host 短生命周期浏览器执行和截图/PDF 回传底座。UniDesk/HWLAB Web 开发、HWLAB `web-probe run|script`、fake-server Playwright、fixture 脱敏、截图 artifact 与 Workbench/Performance 判定口径统一见 `$unidesk-webdev`；本 SSH 透传 skill 不维护第二套 Web 测试流程。
-
 ### kubectl / logs（k3s 诊断）
 
 ```bash
diff --git a/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/references/full.md b/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/references/full.md
index 9f55ccea..8548fbbd 100644
--- a/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/references/full.md
+++ b/.agents/skills/unidesk-webdev/references/full.md
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ description: UniDesk Web 开发与浏览器验证技能。用户处理 UniDesk/H
 - 真实数据优先：fixture seed 优先从目标 node/lane 的受控真实样本采集。合成 fixture 只补真实样本难以稳定覆盖的边界，并标明 `derivedFrom` 与 `syntheticReason`。
 - 原入口闭环：fake-server Playwright 用例负责可重复红灯和源码回归；线上 `web-probe` 负责同一 node/lane public origin 的 P4 原入口验收。二者不能互相替代。
 - Master server 禁重型验证：不要在 master server 跑仓库级 check、Web build、Playwright/browser smoke 或镜像构建。HWLAB Web 验证走目标 node/lane workspace、k3s/Tekton、D601 runner 或受控 web-probe。
-- 禁止裸写 Playwright：UniDesk/HWLAB Web 复现、截图、DOM/API 采样、长程 Workbench 观测和线上 closeout 默认必须走 `web-probe run|script|observe`；不得直接写 `trans <route> playwright` heredoc、`playwright-cli`、临时 Node Playwright 脚本或本地 browser daemon 作为正式证据入口。确有非 HWLAB 外站截图/PDF 等 web-probe 不覆盖的短生命周期需求时，必须说明例外原因，且可复用动作要回收进 web-probe。
+- 禁止裸写 Playwright：UniDesk/HWLAB Web 复现、截图、DOM/API 采样、长程 Workbench 观测和线上 closeout 默认必须走 `web-probe run|script|observe`；不得直接写 `playwright-cli`、临时 Node Playwright 脚本或本地 browser daemon 作为正式证据入口。确有 web-probe 不覆盖的短生命周期需求时，必须说明例外原因，且可复用动作要回收进 web-probe。
 
 ## 工作流
 
@@ -274,6 +274,6 @@ UniDesk/HWLAB Web 工作不再把裸 Playwright 当作默认操作面。需要
 
 `web-probe observe analyze` 必须把 Workbench session 列表标题纳入默认采样与报告：可见列表中 `Session ses_...` fallback 标题超过一半时输出红灯 finding。修复方向必须让上游 session list projection 直接携带名称；点击详情后的下游补名、reload repair 或多来源仲裁不能作为修复。
 
-`trans <route> playwright`、`playwright-cli` 和临时 Node Playwright 脚本只允许作为非 HWLAB 外站短生命周期截图/PDF、或 web-probe 尚未覆盖且一次性不可复用的诊断例外。例外使用前必须写明为什么 `web-probe script` 或 `web-probe observe` 不适用；同类动作出现第二次就应补进 web-probe CLI 或 repo-owned probe。
+`playwright-cli` 和临时 Node Playwright 脚本只允许作为 web-probe 尚未覆盖且一次性不可复用的诊断例外。例外使用前必须写明为什么 `web-probe run|script|observe|screenshot` 不适用；同类动作出现第二次就应补进 web-probe CLI 或 repo-owned probe。
 
-需要把截图回传到本机时，优先用 `web-probe script` 的 `screenshot(name)`，或长程观测中使用 `observe command --type screenshot --label <label>`，并在 issue 中引用截图 SHA、report SHA、observer id 和 stateDir。不要把本地 Playwright artifact 当作 HWLAB node/lane 原入口验收替代品。
+需要把截图回传到本机时，优先用 `web-probe screenshot`，或长程观测中使用 `observe command --type screenshot --label <label>`，并在 issue 中引用截图 SHA、report SHA、observer id 和 stateDir。不要把本地 Playwright artifact 当作 HWLAB node/lane 原入口验收替代品。
diff --git a/docs/reference/cli.md b/docs/reference/cli.md
index 65d157b2..d6ee10ab 100644
--- a/docs/reference/cli.md
+++ b/docs/reference/cli.md
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ PipelineRun 失败或长时间未完成时，先按定点 `control-plane status
 
 ## Web / Playwright
 
-UniDesk/HWLAB Web 开发、Playwright wrapper、`trans <route> playwright`、HWLAB `web-probe run|script`、fake-server 回归、截图 artifact 和 node/lane 原入口验收统一见 `$unidesk-webdev`。本文件只保留 CLI 命名索引，不复制 Web 测试操作面，避免形成多路径和 fallback。
+UniDesk/HWLAB Web 开发、HWLAB `web-probe run|script|observe|screenshot`、fake-server 回归、截图 artifact 和 node/lane 原入口验收统一见 `$unidesk-webdev`。本文件只保留 CLI 命名索引，不复制 Web 测试操作面，避免形成多路径和 fallback。
 
 ## Async Job State
 
diff --git a/scripts/src/codex-trace.ts b/scripts/src/codex-trace.ts
index 1a0ca156..e617ac33 100644
--- a/scripts/src/codex-trace.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/codex-trace.ts
@@ -1463,7 +1463,6 @@ function traceSignals(text: string): Record<string, boolean> {
     transTimeoutHint: /UNIDESK_TRAN_TIMEOUT_HINT/iu.test(text),
     sshTiming: /UNIDESK_SSH_TIMING/iu.test(text),
     downloadProgress: /unidesk\.ssh\.download\.progress/iu.test(text),
-    sshPlaywright: /"command"\s*:\s*"ssh playwright"|command['"]?\s*[:=]\s*['"]?ssh playwright/iu.test(text),
   };
 }
 
@@ -1589,7 +1588,6 @@ function signalLabel(signals: Record<string, unknown> | null): string {
     signals.transTimeoutHint === true ? "timeout" : "",
     signals.sshTiming === true ? "timing" : "",
     signals.downloadProgress === true ? "download" : "",
-    signals.sshPlaywright === true ? "playwright" : "",
   ].filter((label) => label.length > 0);
   return labels.length === 0 ? "-" : labels.join(",");
 }
diff --git a/scripts/src/help.ts b/scripts/src/help.ts
index 6d266658..fea14c0e 100644
--- a/scripts/src/help.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/help.ts
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ export function sshHelp(): unknown {
       "trans <providerId>:/absolute/workspace apply-patch < patch.diff",
       "trans <route> upload <local-file> <remote-file>",
       "trans <route> download <remote-file> <local-file>",
-      "trans <providerId> playwright [--local-dir /tmp] <<'PW'",
       "trans <providerId> apply-patch-v1 [--allow-loose] < patch.diff",
       "trans <providerId> py [script-args...] < script.py",
       "trans <providerId> sh [arg...] <<'SH'",
@@ -230,7 +229,6 @@ export function sshHelp(): unknown {
       "For arbitrary stdin streams into a workload command, use a workload route plus `exec --stdin -- <command> ...`; this keeps the route as location-only and avoids heredoc/base64/tar shell wrapping.",
       "`apply-patch` is the default remote text patch entry and uses the v2 local line-based patch engine with remote read/write operations, including Windows routes such as `D601:win/c/test`, so long Unicode/Chinese lines and pure insertion hunks avoid the legacy remote shell hunk parser. Plain multi-file Update File patches on POSIX host/k3s and Windows workspace routes use bulk read/write operations to avoid per-file SSH round trips. Its stdout follows Codex apply_patch text output rather than UniDesk JSON output; stderr keeps Codex-style failure text and appends one `UNIDESK_APPLY_PATCH_TIMING` JSON summary with durationMs, patchBytes, fileCount, hunkCount, changedCount, remoteOperationCount, remoteOperationCounts and remoteElapsedMs so slow patch runs can be attributed without changing success stdout.",
       "`upload` and `download` are the default whole-file transfer entries for non-text and generated files. They write through remote temp files, verify byte count and SHA-256 on both sides, and return `verification.automatic=true`, `verification.verified=true`, and `verification.match.{bytes,sha256}=true`; this JSON is the transfer integrity proof, so callers do not need a separate manual `sha256sum` check. Downloads stream over `host.ssh.tcp-pool`, emit progress JSON, and may receive a caller-supplied `--inactivity-timeout-ms` from async artifact/deploy jobs so active large transfers are not killed by the generic short-command budget.",
-      "`playwright` runs a stdin heredoc on the target POSIX host/workload with a temporary `playwright-cli` wrapper in PATH, submits the remote script as a background job, polls short status commands for the manifest, then downloads image/pdf artifacts to local `/tmp` by default with the same verified SHA-256 transfer path. Canonical syntax is `trans D601 playwright <<'PW' ... PW`; workspace and known UniDesk host workspaces are preferred for wrapper discovery before external skill passthroughs.",
       "`apply-patch-v1` is the only legacy fallback entry: it rejects low-context update hunks by default, reports the matched file:line for each hunk on stderr, and only accepts --allow-loose when the caller has manually reviewed an intentionally ambiguous insertion.",
       "`sh` inherits provider proxy variables such as HTTP_PROXY/HTTPS_PROXY/ALL_PROXY/NO_PROXY and runs target `/bin/sh`; use `bash` only for Bash syntax such as `pipefail`, arrays, substring expansion, or `[[ ... ]]`, not as a proxy workaround.",
       "Route syntax is `{provider}:{plane}[:{scope...}] {operation} [operation-args...]`: the first argv token locates a distributed target only, and every following token belongs to the operation parser. Host workspace routes use `<provider>:/absolute/workspace`; WSL providers can use `<provider>:win ps` for Windows PowerShell and `<provider>:win cmd` for Windows cmd.exe, with `<provider>:win/c/test ...` mapping the Windows cwd to `C:\\test`; native k3s providers such as D601 and G14 use `<provider>:k3s` for the control plane and `<provider>:k3s:<namespace>:<workload>[:<container>]` for a workload/container. In k3s routes, `:` is the distributed route separator; `/...` is only an in-container filesystem cwd and never selects a container. Prefer operation `--cwd /path` when a container is also specified.",
diff --git a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-sentinel-cicd.ts b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-sentinel-cicd.ts
index 5b1a3a39..fb3b317b 100644
--- a/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-sentinel-cicd.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/hwlab-node-web-sentinel-cicd.ts
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import { join } from "node:path";
 import { repoRoot, rootPath } from "./config";
 import { runCommand, type CommandResult } from "./command";
 import { startJob } from "./jobs";
-import { transPath } from "./hwlab-node/runtime-common";
 import { webProbeSentinelConfigPlan, withWebProbeSentinelConfigRendered } from "./hwlab-node-web-sentinel-config";
 import { requireSentinelIdForRegistry, resolveWebProbeSentinel } from "./hwlab-node-web-sentinel-resolver";
 import type { HwlabRuntimeLaneSpec } from "./hwlab-node-lanes";
 import type { RenderedCliResult } from "./output";
+import { runWebProbeRemoteArtifactJob } from "./web-probe-remote-artifact";
 
 export type WebProbeSentinelConfigAction = "plan" | "status";
 export type WebProbeSentinelImageAction = "status" | "build";
@@ -1844,7 +1844,7 @@ function probeSentinelDashboardBrowser(state: SentinelCicdState, options: Extrac
   const script = [
     "set -eu",
     `export UNIDESK_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_URL=${shellQuote(`${publicBaseUrl}/`)}`,
-    `export UNIDESK_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_SCREENSHOT="$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR"/${shellQuote(screenshotName)}`,
+    `export UNIDESK_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_SCREENSHOT="$UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_REMOTE_DIR"/${shellQuote(screenshotName)}`,
     `export UNIDESK_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_CAPTURE=${shellQuote(options.action === "screenshot" ? "1" : "0")}`,
     `export UNIDESK_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_WIDTH=${shellQuote(widthRaw ?? "1440")}`,
     `export UNIDESK_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_HEIGHT=${shellQuote(heightRaw ?? "900")}`,
@@ -1859,24 +1859,22 @@ function probeSentinelDashboardBrowser(state: SentinelCicdState, options: Extrac
     "else",
     "  export UNIDESK_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_EXECUTABLE_PATH=",
     "fi",
-    "cat > \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-sentinel-dashboard.mjs\" <<'WEB_PROBE_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_JS'",
+    "cat > \"$UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-sentinel-dashboard.mjs\" <<'WEB_PROBE_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_JS'",
     sentinelDashboardBrowserModule(),
     "WEB_PROBE_SENTINEL_DASHBOARD_JS",
-    "bun \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-sentinel-dashboard.mjs\"",
+    "bun \"$UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-sentinel-dashboard.mjs\"",
   ].join("\n");
   const route = `${state.spec.nodeId}:${state.spec.workspace}`;
-  const result = runCommand([
-    transPath(),
+  const job = runWebProbeRemoteArtifactJob({
     route,
-    "playwright",
-    "--local-dir",
-    options.localDir,
-    "--wait-timeout-ms",
-    String(options.waitTimeoutMs),
-    "--inactivity-timeout-ms",
-    "30000",
-  ], repoRoot, { input: script, timeoutMs: options.commandTimeoutSeconds * 1000 });
-  const transport = record(parseJsonObject(result.stdout));
+    localDir: options.localDir,
+    waitTimeoutMs: options.waitTimeoutMs,
+    commandTimeoutMs: options.commandTimeoutSeconds * 1000,
+    inactivityTimeoutMs: 30000,
+    runIdPrefix: `web-probe-sentinel-dashboard-${state.spec.nodeId.toLowerCase()}-${state.spec.lane}-${state.sentinelId}`,
+  }, script);
+  const result = job.result;
+  const transport = record(job.transport);
   const remote = record(transport.remote);
   const page = parseDashboardBrowserPayload(typeof remote.stdoutTail === "string" ? remote.stdoutTail : "");
   const artifacts = Array.isArray(transport.artifacts) ? transport.artifacts.map(record).map(compactDashboardArtifact) : [];
diff --git a/scripts/src/hwlab-node/web-probe-observe.ts b/scripts/src/hwlab-node/web-probe-observe.ts
index e8358398..60eae989 100644
--- a/scripts/src/hwlab-node/web-probe-observe.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/hwlab-node/web-probe-observe.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { hwlabNodeHelp, hwlabNodeObservabilityHelp, hwlabNodeWebProbeHelp } from
 import { compactWebProbeResult, compactWebProbeScriptResult } from "../hwlab-node-web-probe-summary";
 import { nodeObservabilityRecordingRuleExpression, nodeObservabilityRecordingRuleSummaries, nodeObservabilityWarningAlertExpression, nodeObservabilityWarningAlertSummaries } from "../hwlab-node-observability-promql";
 import { runDelegatedHwlabNodeCommand, type DelegatedNodeDomain } from "../hwlab-node-transport";
+import { runWebProbeRemoteArtifactJob } from "../web-probe-remote-artifact";
 import type { RenderedCliResult } from "../output";
 
 import type { BootstrapAdminPasswordMaterial, NodeWebProbeObserveCommandType, NodeWebProbeObserveOptions, NodeWebProbeOptions, NodeWebProbeRunOptions, NodeWebProbeScreenshotOptions, NodeWebProbeSentinelOptions, RuntimeSecretSpec, WebObserveIndexEntry, WebProbeBrowserProxyMode } from "./entry";
@@ -619,19 +620,17 @@ export function runNodeWebProbe(options: NodeWebProbeOptions): Record<string, un
 export function runNodeWebProbeScreenshot(options: NodeWebProbeScreenshotOptions, spec: HwlabRuntimeLaneSpec): Record<string, unknown> {
   const route = `${options.node}:${spec.workspace}`;
   const script = webProbeScreenshotRemoteScript(options);
-  const result = runCommand([
-    transPath(),
+  const job = runWebProbeRemoteArtifactJob({
     route,
-    "playwright",
-    "--local-dir",
-    options.localDir,
-    "--wait-timeout-ms",
-    String(options.waitTimeoutMs),
-    "--inactivity-timeout-ms",
-    "30000",
-    ...(options.keepRemote ? ["--keep-remote"] : []),
-  ], repoRoot, { input: script, timeoutMs: options.commandTimeoutSeconds * 1000 });
-  const transport = record(parseJsonObject(result.stdout));
+    localDir: options.localDir,
+    waitTimeoutMs: options.waitTimeoutMs,
+    commandTimeoutMs: options.commandTimeoutSeconds * 1000,
+    inactivityTimeoutMs: 30000,
+    keepRemote: options.keepRemote,
+    runIdPrefix: `web-probe-screenshot-${options.node.toLowerCase()}-${options.lane}`,
+  }, script);
+  const result = job.result;
+  const transport = record(job.transport);
   const transportParsed = Object.keys(transport).length > 0;
   const artifacts = Array.isArray(transport.artifacts) ? transport.artifacts.map(record) : [];
   const screenshot = artifacts.find((artifact) => {
@@ -749,7 +748,7 @@ function webProbeScreenshotRemoteScript(options: NodeWebProbeScreenshotOptions):
   return [
     "set -eu",
     `export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_URL=${shellQuote(options.url)}`,
-    `export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_PATH="$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR"/${shellQuote(options.name)}`,
+    `export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_PATH="$UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_REMOTE_DIR"/${shellQuote(options.name)}`,
     `export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_WIDTH=${shellQuote(widthRaw ?? "1440")}`,
     `export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_HEIGHT=${shellQuote(heightRaw ?? "900")}`,
     `export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_TIMEOUT_MS=${shellQuote(String(options.timeoutMs))}`,
@@ -765,10 +764,10 @@ function webProbeScreenshotRemoteScript(options: NodeWebProbeScreenshotOptions):
     "else",
     "  export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_EXECUTABLE_PATH=",
     "fi",
-    "cat > \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-screenshot.mjs\" <<'WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_JS'",
+    "cat > \"$UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-screenshot.mjs\" <<'WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_JS'",
     webProbeScreenshotRemoteModule(),
     "WEB_PROBE_SCREENSHOT_JS",
-    "bun \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-screenshot.mjs\"",
+    "bun \"$UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_REMOTE_DIR/web-probe-screenshot.mjs\"",
   ].join("\n");
 }
 
diff --git a/scripts/src/ssh-playwright.ts b/scripts/src/ssh-playwright.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index acda097c..00000000
--- a/scripts/src/ssh-playwright.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,562 +0,0 @@
-import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
-import { basename, join, resolve } from "node:path";
-import {
-  downloadSshFileVerified,
-  type SshFileTransferCommandBuilders,
-  type SshRemoteCommandExecutor,
-  type SshVerifiedDownloadResult,
-} from "./ssh-file-transfer";
-import type { ParsedSshInvocation, ParsedSshRoute, SshCaptureResult } from "./ssh";
-
-interface SshPlaywrightOptions {
-  localDir: string;
-  remoteDir: string | null;
-  keepRemote: boolean;
-  inactivityTimeoutMs?: number;
-  pollIntervalMs: number;
-  waitTimeoutMs: number;
-}
-
-interface RemotePlaywrightManifest {
-  runId: string;
-  exitCode: number;
-  remoteDir: string;
-  stdoutPath: string;
-  stderrPath: string;
-  cliMode: string | null;
-  cliCwd: string | null;
-  cliBin: string | null;
-  defaultScreenshot: string | null;
-  stdoutTail: string;
-  stderrTail: string;
-  artifacts: Array<{
-    remotePath: string;
-    bytes: number | null;
-    sha256: string | null;
-  }>;
-}
-
-const manifestBegin = "__UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_MANIFEST_BEGIN__";
-const manifestEnd = "__UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_MANIFEST_END__";
-
-export function isSshPlaywrightOperation(args: string[]): boolean {
-  return (args[0] ?? "") === "playwright";
-}
-
-export async function runSshPlaywrightOperation(
-  invocation: ParsedSshInvocation,
-  args: string[],
-  executor: SshRemoteCommandExecutor,
-  builders: SshFileTransferCommandBuilders,
-): Promise<number> {
-  if (invocation.route.plane === "win") {
-    throw new Error(`ssh ${invocation.route.raw} playwright is not supported for Windows routes; use a POSIX host/workspace route`);
-  }
-  if (invocation.route.plane === "k3s" && (invocation.route.namespace === null || invocation.route.resource === null)) {
-    throw new Error(`ssh ${invocation.route.raw} playwright requires a workload route, or use a host workspace route`);
-  }
-  const options = parseSshPlaywrightOptions(args);
-  const userScript = await readAllStdin();
-  if (userScript.trim().length === 0) {
-    throw new Error("ssh playwright requires a stdin heredoc script; example: trans D601 playwright <<'PW'\nplaywright-cli screenshot https://example.com \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_SCREENSHOT\"\nPW");
-  }
-
-  const runId = `unidesk-playwright-${safePathSegment(invocation.providerId)}-${Date.now()}-${randomBytes(4).toString("hex")}`;
-  const remoteDir = options.remoteDir ?? `/tmp/${runId}`;
-  const localDir = resolve(options.localDir);
-  const submitCommand = builders.buildRouteCommand(invocation.route, ["sh", "-c", remotePlaywrightSubmitScript(remoteDir), "unidesk-playwright-submit"], { stdin: true });
-  const submit = await executor.runRemoteCommand(submitCommand, userScript);
-  const submitRecovery = submit.exitCode !== 0 && isRecoverableSubmitTimeout(submit)
-    ? {
-        recovered: true,
-        reason: "submit-short-connection-timeout",
-        remoteDir,
-        runId,
-        exitCode: submit.exitCode,
-        stdoutTail: submit.stdout.slice(-1000),
-        stderrTail: submit.stderr.slice(-1000),
-        next: "submit may have been cut by the 60s trans runtime limit after the background job was launched; polling remote status by remoteDir/runId",
-      }
-    : null;
-  if (submit.exitCode !== 0 && submitRecovery === null) {
-    throw new Error(`ssh playwright submit failed: exitCode=${submit.exitCode}; remoteDir=${remoteDir}; runId=${runId}; stdoutTail=${JSON.stringify(submit.stdout.slice(-1000))}; stderrTail=${JSON.stringify(submit.stderr.slice(-1000))}`);
-  }
-  const manifest = await pollRemoteManifest(invocation.route, executor, builders, remoteDir, runId, options);
-  const artifacts: Array<SshVerifiedDownloadResult & { manifestBytes: number | null; manifestSha256: string | null }> = [];
-  let downloadFailure: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
-
-  for (const artifact of manifest.artifacts) {
-    const localPath = join(localDir, `${runId}-${safePathSegment(basename(artifact.remotePath) || "artifact")}`);
-    const maxAttempts = 3;
-    let downloaded = false;
-    let lastError: unknown = null;
-    for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt += 1) {
-      try {
-        const download = await downloadSshFileVerified(
-          invocation,
-          executor,
-          builders,
-          artifact.remotePath,
-          localPath,
-          options.inactivityTimeoutMs,
-        );
-        artifacts.push({ ...download, manifestBytes: artifact.bytes, manifestSha256: artifact.sha256 });
-        downloaded = true;
-        break;
-      } catch (error) {
-        lastError = error;
-        if (attempt < maxAttempts) await sleep(750 * attempt);
-      }
-    }
-    if (!downloaded) {
-      downloadFailure = {
-        remotePath: artifact.remotePath,
-        attempts: maxAttempts,
-        message: lastError instanceof Error ? lastError.message : String(lastError),
-        name: lastError instanceof Error ? lastError.name : undefined,
-      };
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  const cleanup = await cleanupRemoteDir(invocation.route, executor, builders, remoteDir, options.keepRemote);
-  const ok = manifest.exitCode === 0 && downloadFailure === null;
-  const payload = {
-    ok,
-    command: "ssh playwright",
-    route: invocation.route.raw,
-    providerId: invocation.providerId,
-    runId,
-    localDir,
-    remote: {
-      exitCode: manifest.exitCode,
-      remoteDir: manifest.remoteDir,
-      stdoutPath: manifest.stdoutPath,
-      stderrPath: manifest.stderrPath,
-      stdoutTail: manifest.stdoutTail,
-      stderrTail: manifest.stderrTail,
-      cliMode: manifest.cliMode,
-      cliCwd: manifest.cliCwd,
-      cliBin: manifest.cliBin,
-      defaultScreenshot: manifest.defaultScreenshot,
-    },
-    artifacts,
-    artifactCount: artifacts.length,
-    expectedArtifactCount: manifest.artifacts.length,
-    cleanup,
-    downloadFailure,
-    remoteCommand: {
-      exitCode: manifest.exitCode,
-      submitExitCode: submit.exitCode,
-      submitRecovered: submitRecovery !== null,
-      submitRecovery,
-      submitStdoutBytes: Buffer.byteLength(submit.stdout, "utf8"),
-      submitStderrBytes: Buffer.byteLength(submit.stderr, "utf8"),
-    },
-  };
-  process.stdout.write(`${JSON.stringify(payload, null, 2)}\n`);
-  if (ok) return 0;
-  return manifest.exitCode === 0 ? 1 : manifest.exitCode;
-}
-
-function parseSshPlaywrightOptions(args: string[]): SshPlaywrightOptions {
-  const options: SshPlaywrightOptions = {
-    localDir: "/tmp",
-    remoteDir: null,
-    keepRemote: false,
-    pollIntervalMs: 2_000,
-    waitTimeoutMs: 180_000,
-  };
-  for (let index = 1; index < args.length; index += 1) {
-    const arg = args[index] ?? "";
-    const next = args[index + 1];
-    if (arg === "--help" || arg === "-h" || arg === "help") {
-      process.stdout.write(`${JSON.stringify(playwrightHelp(), null, 2)}\n`);
-      process.exit(0);
-    }
-    if (arg === "--keep-remote") {
-      options.keepRemote = true;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg === "--local-dir") {
-      options.localDir = requireValue(arg, next);
-      index += 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg.startsWith("--local-dir=")) {
-      options.localDir = requireValue("--local-dir", arg.slice("--local-dir=".length));
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg === "--remote-dir") {
-      options.remoteDir = requireAbsoluteRemotePath(arg, next);
-      index += 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg.startsWith("--remote-dir=")) {
-      options.remoteDir = requireAbsoluteRemotePath("--remote-dir", arg.slice("--remote-dir=".length));
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg === "--inactivity-timeout-ms") {
-      options.inactivityTimeoutMs = parsePositiveInteger(arg, next);
-      index += 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg.startsWith("--inactivity-timeout-ms=")) {
-      options.inactivityTimeoutMs = parsePositiveInteger("--inactivity-timeout-ms", arg.slice("--inactivity-timeout-ms=".length));
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg === "--poll-interval-ms") {
-      options.pollIntervalMs = parsePositiveInteger(arg, next);
-      index += 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg.startsWith("--poll-interval-ms=")) {
-      options.pollIntervalMs = parsePositiveInteger("--poll-interval-ms", arg.slice("--poll-interval-ms=".length));
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg === "--wait-timeout-ms") {
-      options.waitTimeoutMs = parsePositiveInteger(arg, next);
-      index += 1;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (arg.startsWith("--wait-timeout-ms=")) {
-      options.waitTimeoutMs = parsePositiveInteger("--wait-timeout-ms", arg.slice("--wait-timeout-ms=".length));
-      continue;
-    }
-    throw new Error(`unsupported ssh playwright option: ${arg}`);
-  }
-  return options;
-}
-
-function playwrightHelp(): Record<string, unknown> {
-  return {
-    ok: true,
-    command: "ssh playwright",
-    usage: [
-      "trans <providerId> playwright [--local-dir /tmp] <<'PW'",
-      "playwright-cli screenshot https://example.com \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_SCREENSHOT\" --full-page",
-      "PW",
-      "trans <providerId>:/absolute/workspace playwright [--local-dir /tmp] <<'PW'",
-      "playwright-cli screenshot http://127.0.0.1:18081/ \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_SCREENSHOT\"",
-      "PW",
-    ],
-    behavior: [
-      "Reads a POSIX shell heredoc from stdin and runs it on the target route.",
-      "Prepends a temporary playwright-cli wrapper to PATH. The wrapper prefers ./scripts/playwright-cli.ts in the route workspace or known UniDesk host workspaces, then ~/.agents/skills/playwright*/scripts/playwright-cli.ts, then a playwright-cli binary.",
-      "Submits the remote script as a background job and polls short status commands for the manifest, so multi-step Playwright flows do not occupy one SSH connection past the 60s trans runtime limit.",
-      "Sets UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR and UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_SCREENSHOT. Files created under that remote dir with image/pdf extensions are downloaded to --local-dir with byte and sha256 verification.",
-    ],
-    options: {
-      "--local-dir <path>": "Local directory for returned artifacts. Default: /tmp.",
-      "--remote-dir <absolute-path>": "Remote artifact directory. Default: /tmp/unidesk-playwright-<provider>-<timestamp>-<id>.",
-      "--keep-remote": "Do not remove the remote artifact directory after the transfer.",
-      "--inactivity-timeout-ms <n>": "Forwarded to verified artifact download when large screenshots are returned.",
-      "--wait-timeout-ms <n>": "Maximum wall-clock time to wait for the remote Playwright job. Default: 180000.",
-      "--poll-interval-ms <n>": "Short-query polling interval for the remote job. Default: 2000.",
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-function requireValue(name: string, value: string | undefined): string {
-  if (value === undefined || value.length === 0) throw new Error(`ssh playwright ${name} requires a non-empty value`);
-  return value;
-}
-
-function requireAbsoluteRemotePath(name: string, value: string | undefined): string {
-  const pathValue = requireValue(name, value);
-  if (!pathValue.startsWith("/")) throw new Error(`ssh playwright ${name} must be an absolute POSIX path`);
-  return pathValue;
-}
-
-function parsePositiveInteger(name: string, value: string | undefined): number {
-  const parsed = Number(requireValue(name, value));
-  if (!Number.isInteger(parsed) || parsed <= 0) throw new Error(`ssh playwright ${name} must be a positive integer`);
-  return parsed;
-}
-
-async function readAllStdin(): Promise<string> {
-  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
-  for await (const chunk of process.stdin) {
-    chunks.push(Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(String(chunk)));
-  }
-  return Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf8");
-}
-
-async function pollRemoteManifest(
-  route: ParsedSshRoute,
-  executor: SshRemoteCommandExecutor,
-  builders: SshFileTransferCommandBuilders,
-  remoteDir: string,
-  runId: string,
-  options: SshPlaywrightOptions,
-): Promise<RemotePlaywrightManifest> {
-  const deadline = Date.now() + options.waitTimeoutMs;
-  let lastStatus: SshCaptureResult | null = null;
-  while (Date.now() <= deadline) {
-    const command = builders.buildRouteCommand(route, ["sh", "-c", remotePlaywrightStatusScript(), "unidesk-playwright-status", remoteDir]);
-    const status = await executor.runRemoteCommand(command);
-    lastStatus = status;
-    if (status.exitCode === 0 && status.stdout.includes(manifestEnd)) return parseRemoteManifest(status, remoteDir, runId);
-    if (status.exitCode !== 0 && !/status\t(?:pending|running)/u.test(status.stdout)) {
-      throw new Error(`ssh playwright status failed: exitCode=${status.exitCode}; remoteDir=${remoteDir}; runId=${runId}; stdoutTail=${JSON.stringify(status.stdout.slice(-1000))}; stderrTail=${JSON.stringify(status.stderr.slice(-1000))}`);
-    }
-    await sleep(options.pollIntervalMs);
-  }
-  throw new Error(`ssh playwright timed out waiting for remote job after ${options.waitTimeoutMs}ms; remoteDir=${remoteDir}; runId=${runId}; lastStdoutTail=${JSON.stringify(lastStatus?.stdout.slice(-1000) ?? "")}; lastStderrTail=${JSON.stringify(lastStatus?.stderr.slice(-1000) ?? "")}`);
-}
-
-function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
-  return new Promise((resolveSleep) => setTimeout(resolveSleep, ms));
-}
-
-function isRecoverableSubmitTimeout(submit: SshCaptureResult): boolean {
-  if (submit.exitCode === 124) return true;
-  const combined = `${submit.stdout}\n${submit.stderr}`;
-  return /(?:timed?\s*out|timeout|60s|exitCode=124|signal\s+TERM|signal\s+KILL)/iu.test(combined);
-}
-
-function remotePlaywrightSubmitScript(remoteDir: string): string {
-  const runner = Buffer.from(remotePlaywrightRunnerScript(remoteDir), "utf8").toString("base64");
-  return [
-    "set -eu",
-    `remote_dir=${shellQuote(remoteDir)}`,
-    'mkdir -p -- "$remote_dir"',
-    'user_script="$remote_dir/user-script.sh"',
-    'runner_script="$remote_dir/runner.sh"',
-    'pid_file="$remote_dir/pid"',
-    'submit_stdout="$remote_dir/submit.out"',
-    'submit_stderr="$remote_dir/submit.err"',
-    'if [ -f "$pid_file" ] && kill -0 "$(cat "$pid_file")" >/dev/null 2>&1; then',
-    '  printf "status\\trunning\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$(cat "$pid_file")"',
-    "  exit 0",
-    "fi",
-    'cat > "$user_script"',
-    'chmod 700 "$user_script"',
-    `printf %s ${shellQuote(runner)} | base64 -d >"$runner_script"`,
-    'chmod 700 "$runner_script"',
-    'nohup sh "$runner_script" "$user_script" >"$submit_stdout" 2>"$submit_stderr" < /dev/null &',
-    'pid=$!',
-    'printf "%s\\n" "$pid" >"$pid_file"',
-    'printf "status\\tsubmitted\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$pid"',
-  ].join("\n");
-}
-
-function remotePlaywrightStatusScript(): string {
-  return [
-    "set -eu",
-    'remote_dir="$1"',
-    'manifest="$remote_dir/manifest.tsv"',
-    'pid_file="$remote_dir/pid"',
-    'if [ -f "$manifest" ]; then cat "$manifest"; exit 0; fi',
-    'if [ -f "$pid_file" ] && kill -0 "$(cat "$pid_file")" >/dev/null 2>&1; then',
-    '  printf "status\\trunning\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$(cat "$pid_file")"',
-    "  exit 1",
-    "fi",
-    'if [ -f "$pid_file" ]; then',
-    '  printf "status\\texited-without-manifest\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$(cat "$pid_file")"',
-    '  if [ -f "$remote_dir/submit.err" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/submit.err" >&2; fi',
-    '  if [ -f "$remote_dir/stderr.log" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/stderr.log" >&2; fi',
-    "  exit 2",
-    "fi",
-    'printf "status\\tpending\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir"',
-    'if [ -f "$remote_dir/submit.err" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/submit.err" >&2; fi',
-    'if [ -f "$remote_dir/stderr.log" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/stderr.log" >&2; fi',
-    "exit 1",
-  ].join("\n");
-}
-
-function remotePlaywrightRunnerScript(remoteDir: string): string {
-  return [
-    "set -eu",
-    `remote_dir=${shellQuote(remoteDir)}`,
-    'if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then printf "missing user script path\\n" >&2; exit 2; fi',
-    'user_script="$1"',
-    'mkdir -p -- "$remote_dir/bin"',
-    'stdout_file="$remote_dir/stdout.log"',
-    'stderr_file="$remote_dir/stderr.log"',
-    'artifacts_file="$remote_dir/artifacts.tsv"',
-    'manifest_file="$remote_dir/manifest.tsv"',
-    "sha256_file() {",
-    "  if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then sha256sum -- \"$1\" | awk '{print $1}'; return; fi",
-    "  if command -v shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then shasum -a 256 -- \"$1\" | awk '{print $1}'; return; fi",
-    "  if command -v openssl >/dev/null 2>&1; then openssl dgst -sha256 -- \"$1\" | awk '{print $NF}'; return; fi",
-    "  printf 'missing sha256 tool\\n' >&2; return 127",
-    "}",
-    "resolve_playwright_cli() {",
-    "  if command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1; then",
-    "    if [ -f ./scripts/playwright-cli.ts ]; then",
-    "      UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_MODE=repo; UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_CWD=$(pwd); UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_BIN=; return 0",
-    "    fi",
-    "    for dir in \"$HOME/workspace/unidesk-dev\" \"$HOME/unidesk\" \"/home/ubuntu/workspace/unidesk-dev\" \"/root/unidesk\"; do",
-    "      if [ -f \"$dir/scripts/playwright-cli.ts\" ]; then",
-    "        UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_MODE=repo; UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_CWD=$dir; UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_BIN=; return 0",
-    "      fi",
-    "    done",
-    "  fi",
-    "  for dir in \"$HOME/.agents/skills/playwright\" \"$HOME/.agents/skills/playwright-cli\" \"$HOME/.codex/skills/playwright\" \"$HOME/.codex/skills/playwright-cli\"; do",
-    "    if command -v bun >/dev/null 2>&1 && [ -f \"$dir/scripts/playwright-cli.ts\" ]; then",
-    "      UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_MODE=skill; UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_CWD=$dir; UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_BIN=; return 0",
-    "    fi",
-    "  done",
-    "  if command -v playwright-cli >/dev/null 2>&1; then",
-    "    UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_MODE=bin; UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_CWD=; UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_BIN=$(command -v playwright-cli); return 0",
-    "  fi",
-    "  return 42",
-    "}",
-    "if ! resolve_playwright_cli; then",
-    "  printf 'unable to find playwright-cli wrapper: expected ./scripts/playwright-cli.ts, ~/.agents/skills/playwright*/scripts/playwright-cli.ts, or playwright-cli in PATH\\n' >&2",
-    "  exit 42",
-    "fi",
-    "export UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_MODE UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_CWD UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_BIN",
-    'cat > "$remote_dir/bin/playwright-cli" <<\'UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_WRAPPER\'',
-    "#!/bin/sh",
-    "set -eu",
-    "case \"${UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_MODE:-}\" in",
-    "  repo|skill) cd \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_CWD\"; exec bun scripts/playwright-cli.ts \"$@\" ;;",
-    "  bin) exec \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_BIN\" \"$@\" ;;",
-    "  *) printf 'UNIDESK playwright wrapper is not resolved\\n' >&2; exit 42 ;;",
-    "esac",
-    "UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_WRAPPER",
-    'chmod 700 "$remote_dir/bin/playwright-cli"',
-    "if command -v npx >/dev/null 2>&1; then",
-    "  cat > \"$remote_dir/bin/npx.cmd\" <<'UNIDESK_NPX_CMD_WRAPPER'",
-    "#!/bin/sh",
-    "exec npx \"$@\"",
-    "UNIDESK_NPX_CMD_WRAPPER",
-    "  chmod 700 \"$remote_dir/bin/npx.cmd\"",
-    "fi",
-    'export PATH="$remote_dir/bin:$PATH"',
-    'export UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_REMOTE_DIR="$remote_dir"',
-    'export UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_SCREENSHOT="$remote_dir/screenshot.png"',
-    "set +e",
-    'sh "$user_script" >"$stdout_file" 2>"$stderr_file"',
-    "user_rc=$?",
-    ': > "$artifacts_file"',
-    'find "$remote_dir" -type f | while IFS= read -r file; do',
-    '  case "$file" in "$user_script"|"$stdout_file"|"$stderr_file"|"$artifacts_file"|"$remote_dir/bin/"*) continue ;; esac',
-    '  case "$file" in *.png|*.jpg|*.jpeg|*.webp|*.pdf)',
-    '    bytes=$(wc -c < "$file" | tr -d "[:space:]")',
-    '    digest=$(sha256_file "$file")',
-    '    printf "artifact\\t%s\\t%s\\t%s\\n" "$bytes" "$digest" "$file" >> "$artifacts_file"',
-    "    ;;",
-    "  esac",
-    "done",
-    "b64_tail() { if [ -f \"$1\" ]; then tail -c 4000 \"$1\" | base64 | tr -d '\\n'; fi; }",
-    `{`,
-    `printf '%s\\n' ${shellQuote(manifestBegin)}`,
-    "printf 'run_id\\t%s\\n' \"${remote_dir##*/}\"",
-    "printf 'exit_code\\t%s\\n' \"$user_rc\"",
-    "printf 'remote_dir\\t%s\\n' \"$remote_dir\"",
-    "printf 'stdout_path\\t%s\\n' \"$stdout_file\"",
-    "printf 'stderr_path\\t%s\\n' \"$stderr_file\"",
-    "printf 'cli_mode\\t%s\\n' \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_MODE\"",
-    "printf 'cli_cwd\\t%s\\n' \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_CWD\"",
-    "printf 'cli_bin\\t%s\\n' \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_BIN\"",
-    "printf 'default_screenshot\\t%s\\n' \"$UNIDESK_PLAYWRIGHT_SCREENSHOT\"",
-    "printf 'stdout_tail_b64\\t%s\\n' \"$(b64_tail \"$stdout_file\")\"",
-    "printf 'stderr_tail_b64\\t%s\\n' \"$(b64_tail \"$stderr_file\")\"",
-    'cat "$artifacts_file"',
-    `printf '%s\\n' ${shellQuote(manifestEnd)}`,
-    `} > "$manifest_file"`,
-    'exit "$user_rc"',
-  ].join("\n");
-}
-
-function parseRemoteManifest(result: SshCaptureResult, fallbackRemoteDir: string, fallbackRunId: string): RemotePlaywrightManifest {
-  const start = result.stdout.indexOf(manifestBegin);
-  const end = result.stdout.indexOf(manifestEnd, start < 0 ? 0 : start);
-  if (start < 0 || end < 0) {
-    throw new Error(`ssh playwright did not emit a manifest; exitCode=${result.exitCode}; stdoutTail=${JSON.stringify(result.stdout.slice(-1000))}; stderrTail=${JSON.stringify(result.stderr.slice(-1000))}`);
-  }
-  const body = result.stdout.slice(start + manifestBegin.length, end).trim();
-  const manifest: RemotePlaywrightManifest = {
-    runId: fallbackRunId,
-    exitCode: result.exitCode,
-    remoteDir: fallbackRemoteDir,
-    stdoutPath: join(fallbackRemoteDir, "stdout.log"),
-    stderrPath: join(fallbackRemoteDir, "stderr.log"),
-    cliMode: null,
-    cliCwd: null,
-    cliBin: null,
-    defaultScreenshot: null,
-    stdoutTail: "",
-    stderrTail: "",
-    artifacts: [],
-  };
-  for (const rawLine of body.split(/\r?\n/u)) {
-    const line = rawLine.trimEnd();
-    if (line.length === 0) continue;
-    const parts = line.split("\t");
-    const key = parts[0] ?? "";
-    if (key === "artifact") {
-      const bytes = Number(parts[1] ?? "");
-      const sha256 = parts[2] ?? "";
-      const remotePath = parts.slice(3).join("\t");
-      if (remotePath.length > 0) {
-        manifest.artifacts.push({
-          remotePath,
-          bytes: Number.isSafeInteger(bytes) && bytes >= 0 ? bytes : null,
-          sha256: /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/u.test(sha256) ? sha256 : null,
-        });
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
-    const value = parts.slice(1).join("\t");
-    if (key === "run_id" && value.length > 0) manifest.runId = value;
-    else if (key === "exit_code") {
-      const exitCode = Number(value);
-      manifest.exitCode = Number.isInteger(exitCode) ? exitCode : result.exitCode;
-    } else if (key === "remote_dir" && value.length > 0) manifest.remoteDir = value;
-    else if (key === "stdout_path" && value.length > 0) manifest.stdoutPath = value;
-    else if (key === "stderr_path" && value.length > 0) manifest.stderrPath = value;
-    else if (key === "cli_mode") manifest.cliMode = value || null;
-    else if (key === "cli_cwd") manifest.cliCwd = value || null;
-    else if (key === "cli_bin") manifest.cliBin = value || null;
-    else if (key === "default_screenshot") manifest.defaultScreenshot = value || null;
-    else if (key === "stdout_tail_b64") manifest.stdoutTail = decodeBase64(value);
-    else if (key === "stderr_tail_b64") manifest.stderrTail = decodeBase64(value);
-  }
-  return manifest;
-}
-
-async function cleanupRemoteDir(
-  route: ParsedSshRoute,
-  executor: SshRemoteCommandExecutor,
-  builders: SshFileTransferCommandBuilders,
-  remoteDir: string,
-  keepRemote: boolean,
-): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
-  if (keepRemote) return { attempted: false, kept: true, remoteDir };
-  const command = builders.buildRouteCommand(route, ["sh", "-c", "rm -rf -- \"$1\"", "unidesk-playwright-cleanup", remoteDir]);
-  const result = await executor.runRemoteCommand(command);
-  return {
-    attempted: true,
-    kept: false,
-    remoteDir,
-    exitCode: result.exitCode,
-    ok: result.exitCode === 0,
-    stderrTail: result.stderr.slice(-1000),
-  };
-}
-
-function decodeBase64(value: string): string {
-  if (value.length === 0) return "";
-  try {
-    return Buffer.from(value, "base64").toString("utf8");
-  } catch {
-    return "";
-  }
-}
-
-function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
-  return new Promise((resolveSleep) => setTimeout(resolveSleep, ms));
-}
-
-function safePathSegment(value: string): string {
-  const cleaned = value.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9._-]+/g, "-").replace(/^-+|-+$/g, "");
-  return cleaned.length > 0 ? cleaned.slice(0, 120) : "artifact";
-}
-
-function shellQuote(value: string): string {
-  return `'${value.replace(/'/g, "'\\''")}'`;
-}
diff --git a/scripts/src/ssh.ts b/scripts/src/ssh.ts
index 35d9e123..0a6dc793 100644
--- a/scripts/src/ssh.ts
+++ b/scripts/src/ssh.ts
@@ -22,10 +22,6 @@ import {
   type SshRemoteCommandExecutor,
   type SshRemoteCommandStreamHandlers,
 } from "./ssh-file-transfer";
-import {
-  isSshPlaywrightOperation,
-  runSshPlaywrightOperation,
-} from "./ssh-playwright";
 
 export interface ParsedSshArgs {
   remoteCommand: string | null;
@@ -979,7 +975,7 @@ export function parseSshArgs(args: string[], routeRaw = "<route>"): ParsedSshArg
     return { remoteCommand: buildPythonStdinCommand(args.slice(1)), requiresStdin: true, invocationKind: "helper" };
   }
   if (subcommand === "playwright") {
-    return { remoteCommand: null, requiresStdin: true, invocationKind: "helper" };
+    throw new Error("The remote Playwright operation has been removed; use `bun scripts/cli.ts web-probe screenshot ...` or `web-probe sentinel dashboard screenshot ...` for remote screenshots");
   }
   if (subcommand === "script" || subcommand === "shell") {
     throw removedShellAliasError(subcommand, routeRaw, args.slice(1));
@@ -1173,7 +1169,7 @@ function parseWinRouteArgs(route: ParsedSshRoute, args: string[]): ParsedSshArgs
     };
   }
   if (operation === "playwright") {
-    return { remoteCommand: null, requiresStdin: true, invocationKind: "helper" };
+    throw new Error("The remote Playwright operation has been removed; use `bun scripts/cli.ts web-probe screenshot ...` or `web-probe sentinel dashboard screenshot ...` for remote screenshots");
   }
   if (isWindowsFsReadOnlyOperation(operation)) {
     return {
@@ -3613,16 +3609,6 @@ export async function runSsh(config: UniDeskConfig, providerId: string, args: st
       buildWindowsPowerShellCommand: buildWindowsPowerShellInvocation,
     });
   }
-  if (isSshPlaywrightOperation(normalizedArgs)) {
-    const executor: SshRemoteCommandExecutor = {
-      runRemoteCommand: (remoteCommand, input) => runSshCaptureRemoteCommand(config, invocation, remoteCommand, input),
-      streamRemoteCommand: (remoteCommand, handlers, input, options) => runSshStreamRemoteCommand(config, invocation, remoteCommand, handlers, input, options),
-    };
-    return await runSshPlaywrightOperation(invocation, normalizedArgs, executor, {
-      buildRouteCommand: remoteCommandForRoute,
-      buildWindowsPowerShellCommand: buildWindowsPowerShellInvocation,
-    });
-  }
   if (operationName === "apply-patch") {
     const applyPatch = effectiveApplyPatchV2Invocation(invocation, normalizedArgs.slice(1));
     const executor: ApplyPatchV2Executor = applyPatch.invocation.route.plane === "win"
diff --git a/scripts/src/web-probe-remote-artifact.ts b/scripts/src/web-probe-remote-artifact.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f19b2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/src/web-probe-remote-artifact.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
+import { basename, join, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { repoRoot } from "./config";
+import { runCommand, type CommandResult } from "./command";
+
+export interface WebProbeRemoteArtifactJobOptions {
+  route: string;
+  localDir: string;
+  waitTimeoutMs: number;
+  commandTimeoutMs: number;
+  inactivityTimeoutMs?: number;
+  pollIntervalMs?: number;
+  keepRemote?: boolean;
+  runIdPrefix?: string;
+}
+
+interface RemoteWebProbeArtifactManifest {
+  runId: string;
+  exitCode: number;
+  remoteDir: string;
+  stdoutPath: string;
+  stderrPath: string;
+  stdoutTail: string;
+  stderrTail: string;
+  artifacts: Array<{
+    remotePath: string;
+    bytes: number | null;
+    sha256: string | null;
+  }>;
+}
+
+interface WebProbeRemoteArtifactJobResult {
+  result: CommandResult;
+  transport: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+const manifestBegin = "__UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_MANIFEST_BEGIN__";
+const manifestEnd = "__UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_MANIFEST_END__";
+
+export function runWebProbeRemoteArtifactJob(options: WebProbeRemoteArtifactJobOptions, userScript: string): WebProbeRemoteArtifactJobResult {
+  const runIdPrefix = safePathSegment(options.runIdPrefix ?? "web-probe-artifact");
+  const runId = `${runIdPrefix}-${Date.now()}-${randomBytes(4).toString("hex")}`;
+  const remoteDir = `/tmp/${runId}`;
+  const localDir = resolve(options.localDir);
+  const commandTimeoutMs = Math.max(1_000, options.commandTimeoutMs);
+  const pollIntervalMs = Math.max(250, options.pollIntervalMs ?? 2_000);
+  const inactivityTimeoutMs = options.inactivityTimeoutMs;
+  const keepRemote = options.keepRemote === true;
+  const submitCommand = [transPath(), options.route, "sh"];
+  const submit = runCommand(submitCommand, repoRoot, {
+    input: remoteArtifactSubmitScript(remoteDir, runId, userScript),
+    timeoutMs: Math.min(60_000, commandTimeoutMs),
+  });
+  const submitRecovery = submit.exitCode !== 0 && isRecoverableSubmitTimeout(submit)
+    ? {
+        recovered: true,
+        reason: "submit-short-connection-timeout",
+        remoteDir,
+        runId,
+        exitCode: submit.exitCode,
+        stdoutTail: submit.stdout.slice(-1000),
+        stderrTail: submit.stderr.slice(-1000),
+        next: "submit may have been cut by the 60s trans runtime limit after the background job was launched; polling remote status by remoteDir/runId",
+      }
+    : null;
+
+  let manifest: RemoteWebProbeArtifactManifest | null = null;
+  let pollFailure: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
+  let downloadFailure: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
+  const commandResults: CommandResult[] = [submit];
+  if (submit.exitCode === 0 || submitRecovery !== null) {
+    const polled = pollRemoteManifest(options.route, remoteDir, runId, options.waitTimeoutMs, pollIntervalMs);
+    commandResults.push(...polled.results);
+    manifest = polled.manifest;
+    pollFailure = polled.failure;
+  } else {
+    pollFailure = {
+      phase: "submit",
+      message: "web-probe remote artifact submit failed",
+      exitCode: submit.exitCode,
+      stdoutTail: submit.stdout.slice(-1000),
+      stderrTail: submit.stderr.slice(-1000),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const artifacts: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+  if (manifest !== null && pollFailure === null) {
+    for (const artifact of manifest.artifacts) {
+      const localPath = join(localDir, `${runId}-${safePathSegment(basename(artifact.remotePath) || "artifact")}`);
+      const maxAttempts = 3;
+      let downloaded = false;
+      let lastDownload: CommandResult | null = null;
+      for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt += 1) {
+        const downloadArgs = [transPath(), options.route, "download"];
+        if (inactivityTimeoutMs !== undefined) downloadArgs.push("--inactivity-timeout-ms", String(inactivityTimeoutMs));
+        downloadArgs.push(artifact.remotePath, localPath);
+        const download = runCommand(downloadArgs, repoRoot, { timeoutMs: commandTimeoutMs });
+        commandResults.push(download);
+        lastDownload = download;
+        const parsed = parseJsonObject(download.stdout);
+        if (download.exitCode === 0 && parsed.ok === true && parsed.verified === true) {
+          artifacts.push({
+            remotePath: artifact.remotePath,
+            localPath,
+            bytes: numberOrNull(parsed.bytes) ?? artifact.bytes,
+            sha256: typeof parsed.sha256 === "string" ? parsed.sha256 : artifact.sha256,
+            verified: true,
+            verification: parsed.verification ?? null,
+            transfer: parsed.transfer ?? null,
+            manifestBytes: artifact.bytes,
+            manifestSha256: artifact.sha256,
+          });
+          downloaded = true;
+          break;
+        }
+        if (attempt < maxAttempts) sleepSync(750 * attempt);
+      }
+      if (!downloaded) {
+        downloadFailure = {
+          remotePath: artifact.remotePath,
+          attempts: maxAttempts,
+          exitCode: lastDownload?.exitCode ?? null,
+          stdoutTail: lastDownload?.stdout.slice(-1000) ?? "",
+          stderrTail: lastDownload?.stderr.slice(-1000) ?? "",
+        };
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const cleanup = cleanupRemoteDir(options.route, remoteDir, keepRemote);
+  if (cleanup.result !== null) commandResults.push(cleanup.result);
+  const manifestExitCode = manifest?.exitCode ?? null;
+  const ok = pollFailure === null && manifest !== null && manifest.exitCode === 0 && downloadFailure === null;
+  const transport = {
+    ok,
+    command: "web-probe remote-artifact",
+    route: options.route,
+    runId,
+    localDir,
+    remote: {
+      exitCode: manifestExitCode,
+      remoteDir: manifest?.remoteDir ?? remoteDir,
+      stdoutPath: manifest?.stdoutPath ?? join(remoteDir, "stdout.log"),
+      stderrPath: manifest?.stderrPath ?? join(remoteDir, "stderr.log"),
+      stdoutTail: manifest?.stdoutTail ?? "",
+      stderrTail: manifest?.stderrTail ?? "",
+      defaultScreenshot: null,
+    },
+    artifacts,
+    artifactCount: artifacts.length,
+    expectedArtifactCount: manifest?.artifacts.length ?? 0,
+    cleanup: cleanup.payload,
+    pollFailure,
+    downloadFailure,
+    remoteCommand: {
+      exitCode: manifestExitCode,
+      submitExitCode: submit.exitCode,
+      submitRecovered: submitRecovery !== null,
+      submitRecovery,
+      submitStdoutBytes: Buffer.byteLength(submit.stdout, "utf8"),
+      submitStderrBytes: Buffer.byteLength(submit.stderr, "utf8"),
+    },
+    valuesRedacted: true,
+  };
+  return {
+    result: syntheticCommandResult(
+      [transPath(), options.route, "web-probe-remote-artifact"],
+      ok ? 0 : manifestExitCode ?? submit.exitCode ?? 1,
+      JSON.stringify(transport, null, 2),
+      commandResults,
+    ),
+    transport,
+  };
+}
+
+function pollRemoteManifest(
+  route: string,
+  remoteDir: string,
+  runId: string,
+  waitTimeoutMs: number,
+  pollIntervalMs: number,
+): { manifest: RemoteWebProbeArtifactManifest | null; failure: Record<string, unknown> | null; results: CommandResult[] } {
+  const deadline = Date.now() + Math.max(1_000, waitTimeoutMs);
+  const results: CommandResult[] = [];
+  let lastStatus: CommandResult | null = null;
+  while (Date.now() <= deadline) {
+    const status = runCommand([transPath(), route, "sh", "--", remoteArtifactStatusScript(remoteDir)], repoRoot, { timeoutMs: Math.min(60_000, Math.max(5_000, waitTimeoutMs)) });
+    results.push(status);
+    lastStatus = status;
+    if (status.exitCode === 0 && status.stdout.includes(manifestEnd)) {
+      try {
+        return { manifest: parseRemoteManifest(status, remoteDir, runId), failure: null, results };
+      } catch (error) {
+        return {
+          manifest: null,
+          failure: {
+            phase: "parse-manifest",
+            message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+            stdoutTail: status.stdout.slice(-1000),
+            stderrTail: status.stderr.slice(-1000),
+          },
+          results,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    if (status.exitCode !== 0 && !/status\t(?:pending|running)/u.test(status.stdout)) {
+      return {
+        manifest: null,
+        failure: {
+          phase: "status",
+          exitCode: status.exitCode,
+          stdoutTail: status.stdout.slice(-1000),
+          stderrTail: status.stderr.slice(-1000),
+        },
+        results,
+      };
+    }
+    sleepSync(pollIntervalMs);
+  }
+  return {
+    manifest: null,
+    failure: {
+      phase: "timeout",
+      message: `web-probe remote artifact timed out waiting for remote job after ${waitTimeoutMs}ms`,
+      remoteDir,
+      runId,
+      lastStdoutTail: lastStatus?.stdout.slice(-1000) ?? "",
+      lastStderrTail: lastStatus?.stderr.slice(-1000) ?? "",
+    },
+    results,
+  };
+}
+
+function cleanupRemoteDir(route: string, remoteDir: string, keepRemote: boolean): { payload: Record<string, unknown>; result: CommandResult | null } {
+  if (keepRemote) return { payload: { attempted: false, kept: true, remoteDir }, result: null };
+  const result = runCommand([transPath(), route, "sh", "--", `rm -rf -- ${shellQuote(remoteDir)}`], repoRoot, { timeoutMs: 60_000 });
+  return {
+    payload: {
+      attempted: true,
+      kept: false,
+      remoteDir,
+      exitCode: result.exitCode,
+      ok: result.exitCode === 0,
+      stderrTail: result.stderr.slice(-1000),
+    },
+    result,
+  };
+}
+
+function remoteArtifactSubmitScript(remoteDir: string, runId: string, userScript: string): string {
+  return [
+    "set -eu",
+    `remote_dir=${shellQuote(remoteDir)}`,
+    'mkdir -p -- "$remote_dir"',
+    'user_script="$remote_dir/user-script.sh"',
+    'runner_script="$remote_dir/runner.sh"',
+    'pid_file="$remote_dir/pid"',
+    'submit_stdout="$remote_dir/submit.out"',
+    'submit_stderr="$remote_dir/submit.err"',
+    'if [ -f "$pid_file" ] && kill -0 "$(cat "$pid_file")" >/dev/null 2>&1; then',
+    '  printf "status\\trunning\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$(cat "$pid_file")"',
+    "  exit 0",
+    "fi",
+    writeBase64FileShell("$user_script", userScript, "UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_USER_B64"),
+    "chmod 700 \"$user_script\"",
+    writeBase64FileShell("$runner_script", remoteArtifactRunnerScript(remoteDir, runId), "UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_RUNNER_B64"),
+    "chmod 700 \"$runner_script\"",
+    'nohup sh "$runner_script" "$user_script" >"$submit_stdout" 2>"$submit_stderr" < /dev/null &',
+    'pid=$!',
+    'printf "%s\\n" "$pid" >"$pid_file"',
+    'printf "status\\tsubmitted\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$pid"',
+  ].join("\n");
+}
+
+function remoteArtifactStatusScript(remoteDir: string): string {
+  return [
+    "set -eu",
+    `remote_dir=${shellQuote(remoteDir)}`,
+    'manifest="$remote_dir/manifest.tsv"',
+    'pid_file="$remote_dir/pid"',
+    'if [ -f "$manifest" ]; then cat "$manifest"; exit 0; fi',
+    'if [ -f "$pid_file" ] && kill -0 "$(cat "$pid_file")" >/dev/null 2>&1; then',
+    '  printf "status\\trunning\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$(cat "$pid_file")"',
+    "  exit 1",
+    "fi",
+    'if [ -f "$pid_file" ]; then',
+    '  printf "status\\texited-without-manifest\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\npid\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir" "$(cat "$pid_file")"',
+    '  if [ -f "$remote_dir/submit.err" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/submit.err" >&2; fi',
+    '  if [ -f "$remote_dir/stderr.log" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/stderr.log" >&2; fi',
+    "  exit 2",
+    "fi",
+    'printf "status\\tpending\\nremote_dir\\t%s\\n" "$remote_dir"',
+    'if [ -f "$remote_dir/submit.err" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/submit.err" >&2; fi',
+    'if [ -f "$remote_dir/stderr.log" ]; then tail -c 1000 "$remote_dir/stderr.log" >&2; fi',
+    "exit 1",
+  ].join("\n");
+}
+
+function remoteArtifactRunnerScript(remoteDir: string, runId: string): string {
+  return [
+    "set -eu",
+    `remote_dir=${shellQuote(remoteDir)}`,
+    `run_id=${shellQuote(runId)}`,
+    'if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then printf "missing user script path\\n" >&2; exit 2; fi',
+    'user_script="$1"',
+    'stdout_file="$remote_dir/stdout.log"',
+    'stderr_file="$remote_dir/stderr.log"',
+    'artifacts_file="$remote_dir/artifacts.tsv"',
+    'manifest_file="$remote_dir/manifest.tsv"',
+    "sha256_file() {",
+    "  if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then sha256sum -- \"$1\" | awk '{print $1}'; return; fi",
+    "  if command -v shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then shasum -a 256 -- \"$1\" | awk '{print $1}'; return; fi",
+    "  if command -v openssl >/dev/null 2>&1; then openssl dgst -sha256 -- \"$1\" | awk '{print $NF}'; return; fi",
+    "  printf 'missing sha256 tool\\n' >&2; return 127",
+    "}",
+    'export UNIDESK_WEB_PROBE_ARTIFACT_REMOTE_DIR="$remote_dir"',
+    "set +e",
+    'sh "$user_script" >"$stdout_file" 2>"$stderr_file"',
+    "user_rc=$?",
+    ': > "$artifacts_file"',
+    'find "$remote_dir" -type f | while IFS= read -r file; do',
+    '  case "$file" in "$user_script"|"$stdout_file"|"$stderr_file"|"$artifacts_file"|"$manifest_file"|"$remote_dir/runner.sh"|"$remote_dir/submit.out"|"$remote_dir/submit.err"|"$remote_dir/pid") continue ;; esac',
+    '  case "$file" in *.png|*.jpg|*.jpeg|*.webp)',
+    '    bytes=$(wc -c < "$file" | tr -d "[:space:]")',
+    '    digest=$(sha256_file "$file")',
+    '    printf "artifact\\t%s\\t%s\\t%s\\n" "$bytes" "$digest" "$file" >> "$artifacts_file"',
+    "    ;;",
+    "  esac",
+    "done",
+    "b64_tail() { if [ -f \"$1\" ]; then tail -c 4000 \"$1\" | base64 | tr -d '\\n'; fi; }",
+    "{",
+    `printf '%s\\n' ${shellQuote(manifestBegin)}`,
+    "printf 'run_id\\t%s\\n' \"$run_id\"",
+    "printf 'exit_code\\t%s\\n' \"$user_rc\"",
+    "printf 'remote_dir\\t%s\\n' \"$remote_dir\"",
+    "printf 'stdout_path\\t%s\\n' \"$stdout_file\"",
+    "printf 'stderr_path\\t%s\\n' \"$stderr_file\"",
+    "printf 'stdout_tail_b64\\t%s\\n' \"$(b64_tail \"$stdout_file\")\"",
+    "printf 'stderr_tail_b64\\t%s\\n' \"$(b64_tail \"$stderr_file\")\"",
+    'cat "$artifacts_file"',
+    `printf '%s\\n' ${shellQuote(manifestEnd)}`,
+    "} > \"$manifest_file\"",
+    'exit "$user_rc"',
+  ].join("\n");
+}
+
+function parseRemoteManifest(result: CommandResult, fallbackRemoteDir: string, fallbackRunId: string): RemoteWebProbeArtifactManifest {
+  const start = result.stdout.indexOf(manifestBegin);
+  const end = result.stdout.indexOf(manifestEnd, start < 0 ? 0 : start);
+  if (start < 0 || end < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`web-probe remote artifact did not emit a manifest; exitCode=${result.exitCode}; stdoutTail=${JSON.stringify(result.stdout.slice(-1000))}; stderrTail=${JSON.stringify(result.stderr.slice(-1000))}`);
+  }
+  const body = result.stdout.slice(start + manifestBegin.length, end).trim();
+  const manifest: RemoteWebProbeArtifactManifest = {
+    runId: fallbackRunId,
+    exitCode: result.exitCode ?? 1,
+    remoteDir: fallbackRemoteDir,
+    stdoutPath: join(fallbackRemoteDir, "stdout.log"),
+    stderrPath: join(fallbackRemoteDir, "stderr.log"),
+    stdoutTail: "",
+    stderrTail: "",
+    artifacts: [],
+  };
+  for (const rawLine of body.split(/\r?\n/u)) {
+    const line = rawLine.trimEnd();
+    if (line.length === 0) continue;
+    const parts = line.split("\t");
+    const key = parts[0] ?? "";
+    if (key === "artifact") {
+      const bytes = Number(parts[1] ?? "");
+      const sha256 = parts[2] ?? "";
+      const remotePath = parts.slice(3).join("\t");
+      if (remotePath.length > 0) {
+        manifest.artifacts.push({
+          remotePath,
+          bytes: Number.isSafeInteger(bytes) && bytes >= 0 ? bytes : null,
+          sha256: /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/u.test(sha256) ? sha256 : null,
+        });
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    const value = parts.slice(1).join("\t");
+    if (key === "run_id" && value.length > 0) manifest.runId = value;
+    else if (key === "exit_code") {
+      const exitCode = Number(value);
+      manifest.exitCode = Number.isInteger(exitCode) ? exitCode : result.exitCode ?? 1;
+    } else if (key === "remote_dir" && value.length > 0) manifest.remoteDir = value;
+    else if (key === "stdout_path" && value.length > 0) manifest.stdoutPath = value;
+    else if (key === "stderr_path" && value.length > 0) manifest.stderrPath = value;
+    else if (key === "stdout_tail_b64") manifest.stdoutTail = decodeBase64(value);
+    else if (key === "stderr_tail_b64") manifest.stderrTail = decodeBase64(value);
+  }
+  return manifest;
+}
+
+function syntheticCommandResult(command: string[], exitCode: number | null, stdout: string, results: readonly CommandResult[]): CommandResult {
+  return {
+    command,
+    cwd: repoRoot,
+    exitCode,
+    stdout,
+    stderr: results.map((item) => item.stderr).filter((item) => item.length > 0).join("\n").slice(-8000),
+    signal: null,
+    timedOut: results.some((item) => item.timedOut),
+  };
+}
+
+function writeBase64FileShell(pathExpression: string, content: string, marker: string): string {
+  return [
+    `cat > ${pathExpression}.b64 <<'${marker}'`,
+    wrapBase64(Buffer.from(content, "utf8").toString("base64")),
+    marker,
+    `base64 -d < ${pathExpression}.b64 > ${pathExpression}`,
+    `rm -f -- ${pathExpression}.b64`,
+  ].join("\n");
+}
+
+function wrapBase64(value: string): string {
+  return value.replace(/.{1,76}/gu, "$&\n").trimEnd();
+}
+
+function parseJsonObject(text: string): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const trimmed = text.trim();
+  if (trimmed.length === 0) return {};
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(trimmed) as unknown;
+    return typeof parsed === "object" && parsed !== null && !Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed as Record<string, unknown> : {};
+  } catch {
+    return {};
+  }
+}
+
+function numberOrNull(value: unknown): number | null {
+  return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) ? value : null;
+}
+
+function decodeBase64(value: string): string {
+  if (value.length === 0) return "";
+  try {
+    return Buffer.from(value, "base64").toString("utf8");
+  } catch {
+    return "";
+  }
+}
+
+function isRecoverableSubmitTimeout(submit: CommandResult): boolean {
+  if (submit.exitCode === 124 || submit.timedOut) return true;
+  const combined = `${submit.stdout}\n${submit.stderr}`;
+  return /(?:timed?\s*out|timeout|60s|exitCode=124|signal\s+TERM|signal\s+KILL)/iu.test(combined);
+}
+
+function sleepSync(ms: number): void {
+  Atomics.wait(new Int32Array(new SharedArrayBuffer(4)), 0, 0, Math.max(0, ms));
+}
+
+function safePathSegment(value: string): string {
+  const cleaned = value.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9._-]+/g, "-").replace(/^-+|-+$/g, "");
+  return cleaned.length > 0 ? cleaned.slice(0, 120) : "artifact";
+}
+
+function shellQuote(value: string): string {
+  return `'${value.replace(/'/g, "'\\''")}'`;
+}
+
+function transPath(): string {
+  return join(repoRoot, "scripts", "trans");
+}